Effective communication for and about individuals Essay

Promote effective communication for and about individualsExercise HSC031A) What are the legal requirements on equality, diversity, discrimination and rights, relating to: individuals language and communication preferences?Equal treatment for language and communication. When completing records?As I work within the NHS, the ICU follows the National Institute for Clinical Excellence Equal Opportunities (2000) policy it states that“It is the policy of the Institute to work towards ensuring that no recipient of its services, present or future employee or job applicant receives less favourable treatment on the grounds of:- age, colour, creed, disability, ethnic origin, marital status, nationality, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, social status, trade union membership” (NICE 2000)This affects communication as it states that we must do everything in our power to provide equal service levels to everyone. For example if a patient speaks a foreign language, there is a communication barrier, so we must provide any information to them in their native language, whether that be through an interpreter or translated leaflets. The trust recognises that promotion and regular communication of the policy is important to ensure that individuals understand their commitment to equal opportunity and are aware of their own responsibility regarding equal opportunities and know how to raise concerns or make complaints and are confident that these will be handled effectively. E) What is the code of practice and standards and guidance relevant to your role, responsibilities and accountability, and duties of others when communicating difficult, complex and sensitive issues and reporting and recording?As a health care assistant the official code of practice and standard that I should follow and understand are laid down by the General Social Care Council in the Codes of practice: for social care workers and employers (2002) this covers most of the core standards which as a care worker I must follow. But I am also under the guidelines set down by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC 2005). To ensure that I gain the trust of my patients, I should recognise them as equal partners, use language that is familiar to them and make sure that they understand the information you are  giving. As far as record keeping goes, I should make sure that any records I make must be clear, legible and accessible to the patient or client, as outlined by the NMCÂ’s document Standards for Records and Record Keeping (NMC 89346) and under the terms of the Data Protection Act (1984) and the Access to Health Records Act (1990). Both these documents state that all communication about patients whether written or verbal are completely confidential. F) Where can you seek advice from regarding an individuals communication and language needs, wishes and preferences?When a patient has communication and language needs the first person I would ask would be the patient, to access for myself the communication needs. I would then look at the patients notes and finally I would ask the staff nurse looking after the patient or the district nurse if they are in the community. If I still need more advice or there are still communication difficulties, I could refer the patient to the speech and language therapy department. If the difficulty is a language barrier I could try to contact a language and interpretation service. It is vital to understand that wherever possible the patientÂ’s wishes should take priority in the decision taking over communication needs. G) How can you and were can you access information and support to update your knowledge and gain further assistance to meet the individuals communication needs. There are several places that you can access information to update your knowledge both on a personal level and on an individual client basis. You can update your communication knowledge by keeping up to date with all the guidelines surrounding communication, such as the journals on new communication methods and studies or spend time with the speech and language therapy unit to improve your communication skills. On an individual client basis, the first place to look for information on  improving your communication with the client is from the client themselves. By checking for responses and reactions, both verbal and non verbal you can judge whether your communication methods are effective. Then to further gain knowledge and understanding, you can refer them to a specialised service to meet their needs depending on what the communication need is. For example there may be a language barrier, in this instance, first see if there are members of family who could translate (where appropriate with patients understanding) as patients often feel more comfortable with a relative translating for them, if this was not available or inappropriate, I would track down the translators service and refer the case to them. H) What are the theories relevant to the following:-Specific conditions in your area of practice that can affect communication skills, abilities. In Intensive care effective communication can be difficult for a number of reasons, they can be environmental problems, physical or mental problems, like the patients consciousness levels could be effected, either drug induced or pathologically based, there may be visual and hearing problems and environmental problems, such as poor lighting or a noisy situation. The patient may not be able to make sense of the communication, they may use a different language or dialect or may not understand the jargon or professional terms used. Many of the patients on Intensive care are heavily sedated, so effective two way communication with then is almost impossible, also most of the patients that are not sedated are on high levels of medication, which can cause drowsiness and confusion. Of the patients that are lucid enough to communicate coherently, the most common communication problems are the problems of those who have ventilation support, either they have a tracheotomy tube in place, which means that air does not pass through the voice box so they have no voice, or they have a BiPAP mask to assist with breathing, which restricts the ability to speak and be heard. How can communication and language differences affect the identity, self esteem and self image of those you work with?“Self-esteem means  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœappreciating your own worth and importance’ – and it helps you to cope better with the challenges of life” (Tracy Turner BBC)In ICU patients that have a Glasgow coma score (GCS) of 14 or 15 and are on little or no sedation, in other words able to understand where they are and what is happening to them. Communication problems can have a huge influence on identity, self esteem and self image. Especially in ICU as the communication difficulties are usually new problems for the patient due to illness and the treatment. For example a person has a tracheotomy, firstly they loose their voice, which many people feel is part of them, it make who they are, so this detracts from self image and identity. But the main factor is that they loose the ability to express themselves with ease, so they can loose self-esteem. One of the major thing is, as they canÂ’t express themselves in the way they are used to, so a person whose self-esteem is low, will tend to feel that what happens to them is beyond their control. Studies have suggests that self-esteem is likely to have a major effect on their mental and physical health. How can power be used to abuse people when communicating on difficult, sensitive and complex issues?One major thing that people with communication difficulties experience, is loss of power. The person/carer who is looking after someone with communication difficulties, whether they be sensory deficits or other difficulties, is that they ( the carer ) is acting as interpreter and has the power to interpret the patients needs and wishes in their own way, even ignoring the persons wishes and carry out tasks that they want to. This is why training is essential for effective two-way communication. An example of this would be the situation of a stroke patient with paralysis down one side, so was unable to feed themselves and has mild dysphasia. In a lot of cases the care giver thinks they know what is best for the patient, with no consideration for the patients wishes, In many cases all the carer wants to do is feed the patient so they have a full diet but the patient may not like the “mashed carrot” but because time is tight and the carer just wants to get the plate cleared, they pretend not to understand the patients attempts to communicate that they would prefer the  Ã‚“mushy peas”. A lot of abuse is not actually intentional, much of this comes from lack of proper communication skills and the carer not taking the time to listen or try to understand the patient. They have a job to do and a set amount of time to do that job in and in most cases think they know what is best for the patient. Often when patients do try to communicate their unhappiness the are treated to a barrage of patronizing ‘awwsÂ’ and ‘come on dears you need to do thisÂ’, orÂ’ arenÂ’t you being silly todayÂ’ almost treating patients like children, they can even be labelled as trouble makers. It is much different for the patient who can communicate fully, they state their discomfort in a clear and concise way, it is much harder to make somebody do something if they say straight out ‘no I donÂ’t like thatÂ’. On ICU the situation is slightly different as a lot of our patients are on medications which will affect their mental capacity and perception so their communication difficulties are harder to resolve. So to determine if someone is of sound mind we use assessment tools to determine how able a patient is to make there own decisions (GCS & Sedation score). I) What factors can affect communication skills, abilities and development of those you support?In the ward environment there are many factors that can affect communication with the patient, they can be broken down into two main categories, environmental factors and personal factors. Trying to talk to someone in a noisy environment where there are continual interruptions leads to frustration, lack of understanding and poor concentration. Similarly individuals are often disinclined to discuss personal information or express strong emotions if they can be overheard or seen. Other environmental factors may relate to time available to talk. Carers often feel under pressure to ‘get the job done’ and their workloads may either inhibit clients ‘I don’t want to bother the nurses they’re so busy’ or result in the carer communicating poorly because of pressure of work. VanCott (1993), Identified some of the personal factors that can effect patient communicationIndividual Carers may lack the knowledge, experience and skills to promote effective communication. Also in health care medical jargon is common, but can appear as a foreign language to someone receiving care. Use of words that are not within the client’s own vocabulary generally results in misunderstandings and poor communication. There is also a tendency to use vague, ambiguous or unclear questions or statements along with failing to verify their own understanding of the other person’s statements. A communication failure that often occurs is completing tasks with little or no explanation behind purpose behind actionsM) What conflicts and dilemmas may be created by difficulties in communication in your workplace?Moving away from patient/career conflict, one of the main sources of conflict in ICU it that of conflict between families and friends and ICU staff. As with any ward and care situation the next of kin debate comes up regularly and what is best for the patient. The law around patient consent and advocacy is a massive topic and very hazy in some areas as to whether the doctor has the right to decide treatment or whether a next of kin should be involved. Also there is visitation rights who can come in and who canÂ’t and who decides. N) What procedures do you follow when dealing with conflict?In most of the cases where conflict arises there are strict procedures to follow this usually means reporting the problem to a higher level of responsibility. A good example of this it the case of Luke Winston-Jones (BBC 2004) there was direct conflict between the doctors and parents over the best case of action for the child. In the end the problem was passed to the highest responsibility the courts. This would be the same in my workplace so far I have only had to report minor conflict up to my line manager. R) What is the difference between factual, opinionated and judgement? Why is this important when completing records?It is important when completing records to only fill in what actually happened or what your clinical  judgement was, not what your opinion is. An example of this would be when documenting what dressing you applied, you would state that in your clinical judgement what the best dressing would be and a factual account of applying that dressing. It is not good practice to document opinions unless your opinion clashed with that of somebody else, then you would state in the records that that was your opinion. A Factual account is something that is known to have happened or to exist, especially something for which proof exists, or about which there is information. Opinionated means having and expressing very strong feelings and beliefs, and believing that your own ideas are the only correct ones. Whereas an opinion is a person’s ideas and thoughts about something. It is an assessment, judgement or evaluation of something. An opinion is not a fact, because it is not possible to prove (or disprove) an opinionJudgement is the act or process of judging; the formation of an opinion after consideration and deliberation especially a formal or authoritative decision

“Lord of the Flies” by William Golding Essay

We were innocent before we started to begin feeling guilty and deep inside the nook of our minds and hearts we have found a hidden treasure that we once had and now seek. One of the most precious gifts one can obtain in life is the gift of innocence and once it has been taken away it can no longer be returned. The term innocence is interpreted as â€Å"the freedom from guilt or sin through being unacquainted with evil†. Once a child is exposed to blind ideas such as believing the world is a perfect place and then realizes the cruelty which inhabits within it, innocence is lost. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies outlines how civilization allows man to remain innocent and once the needs for survival become crucial, the primitive instincts of man must come to parity with the necessities one needs to survive. While loss of innocence is a predominant theme in the novel, the symbols of the beast, the painted faces, and the forest glade help to illustrate the importance of s avagery created within the boys over their time on the island. Man will always try to convince themselves that there is no evil inside of them by making something or someone else seem to be the cause of evil; this is mainly evident in the idea that the boys instill fear in themselves due to the existence of the beast. Realistically, the beast symbolizes the â€Å"inner beast† inside all of the boys on the island and eventually leads each of them to lose their innocence and increase their savage like instincts based on their fear and expansion of belief in the beasts existing. A significant part in the novel in which the beast is introduced is in Chapter 2, page 34 where one of the little boys claims that he had seen the â€Å"beastie† somewhere inside of the woods. At this early point in the novel we are able to see the imagination in which all the boys have put into effect on what exactly the â€Å"beastie† looks like and it is quite evident that Golding has used this idea in the earlier chapters to later portray the scene of chaos and terror of the beast. The discovery that something other than the boys is on the island creates fear in all of them in which their animalistic instincts will begin to surface because now they fear their safety and the need for survival must be placed into effect. The beast in  itself can be symbolized as incarnation of the Christian notion of Satan, which motivates the boys to become more cruel and violent in behavior. The characters of Ralph and Jack are also affected by the beast’s existence for it creates a rupture between them and their followers, where the follow up to the end of the book shows how all the boys will turn on Ralph, who throughout most of the novel was the most civilized. Simon, being the â€Å"Christ-like† figure in Lord of the Flies, is the only character who communicates with the beast and is one of the most ethical characters that realize the inner beast amongst the other boys on the island, especially when the boys believe in solely having fun instead of finding wa ys to get off the island and getting back home. â€Å"This has gone quite far enough. My poor misguided child do you think you know better than I do?† There was a pause. â€Å"I’m warning you. I’m going to get angry. D’you see? You’re not wanted. Understand? We are going to have fun on this island.† (Golding, 144) Simon is also the only character who discovers that the dead parachutist that had landed on the island is the imaginary beast that everyone has become terrified of and is also the cause of the diminishing human morality within the boys. When he attempts to tell the rest of the boys that he had witnessed the dead parachutist, the boys are under impression that Simon is the beast because they are sightless and in a panic they brutally murder him. An equally important symbol as in comparison to the beast would be the fact that the boys paint their faces. When Jack had appeared before his group of boys with his face smeared in clay like war paint he decides in taking the boys on a pig hunt. The mask then internally transforms Jack in which his primal instincts come to surface. â€Å"He began to dance and his laughter became a bloodthirsty snarling† (Golding, 64). It appears evident that the boys are becoming savage like because of their painted faces, the paint masks are used to infiltrate all the boys’ souls because now they feel more powerful. The masks not only instigate the evil inside all of the boys but are symbols representing the chaos currently going on in the world which is war. â€Å"For hunting. Like in the war. You know – dazzle paint. Like things trying to  look like something else† (Golding, 63). With this idea in mind the anonymity of the masks create chaos and violence in which it furthers the boys’ advantage in killing the beast. Now that the boys are corrupted by the beast and have strengthened their egos by painting their faces, innocence that a child should withhold is lost because now their innate instincts are to act war-like which the doings of an adult are. Just as in war, death to an opposing team causes blood-lust for the victorious person, in this case it would be Jack who succumbs himself to the thrill of violence, creates his own sub-society, and engages in rituals of violence and slaughter. Furthermore, the clash between Jack and Ralph grows deeper because of Jacks tyrannical rule and Ralph’s democratic perspective, and the fact that Jack is more concerned on becoming a better hunter where as Ralph is concerned in getting everyone off of the island creates huge tension between them and foreshadows the breakdown in which the boys will create for themselves in their invented society. It is easy for one to hide behind a mask to hide fear but in the novel’s context the masks do not work as something that shelters the boys but rather liberates and frees them into believing they can do anything they want while wearing it and not worrying about important matters. Another symbol throughout the novel Lord of the Flies would be the forest glade which is the open space in the jungle that Simon finds. Although it seems that the forest glade seems minor in its symbolism it actually has greater meaning than depicted. Simon is the only character who sees the jungle as a tranquil and beautiful place as compared to Jacks character that only sees the jungle as a dangerous place. Later on throughout the novel when Simon returns to the forest glade he is met with the pigs head in which a peaceful place has now been disrupted by this bloody offering, which later symbolizes the innate human evil that affects and harms childhood innocence. A child, being symbolized as a peaceful jungle with nothing to harm it, has become corrupt by something such as the pig’s head being brought into the child’s environment. The pig’s head now instigates the child’s innate and natural evil to come out so that it can find the needs to survive and because of this, innocence has been lost. Living in the 21st century means that throughout peoples entire lives they become sheltered from evils  depicted in things such as the media, but once we are exposed to the â€Å"outside world† and engage in immoral acts and grow out of being a child, we automatically lose that innocence we once obtained because everything becomes a game of survival of the fittest. Due to all the dominant symbols in the novel Lord of the Flies, it is extremely evident how all of them work together to structure the central theme of loss of innocence. All the boys on the island had been exposed to ideas that have been kept blind to them before that had reached the island, but still they were able to survive nature by bringing forth their innate human instincts. The boys being quite educated and reserved in their lives before coming to island shows that loss of innocence can occur to anyone no matter what lifestyle they lived prior. The fear the boys had throughout the novel brings forth the loss of innocence because it represents the potential evil instilled within all humans especially when they are placed in certain environmental conditions in which for the boys was the island they had landed on. The island itself being seen as a paradise comes to an end when the boys’ instinct take control of their rationality. Society today is still faced with the â€Å"inner beast† inside many people this is quite evident in the fact that our world today is still filled with criminals, gangs and tyrannical people. If humans weren’t so instantly triggered by their innate evil desires then their wouldn’t be treacherous acts of rape and there wouldn’t be secret organizations such as the vigilantes of Ku Klux Klan that advocate one races supremacy over another. The things the boys of the island in Lord of the Flies do are just a miniscule example of real life-size issues that can occur anywhere at anytime in ones life that brings out the â€Å"inner-beast† in everyone. The experience of losing ones innocence is often part of growing up but can be painful and tragic. Tragedy in this experience unlike any other faced in a person’s lifetime is that innocence is the gift that once it’s damaged it cannot be retained again and all senses of life’s marvels are lost simply because of humans innate evils.

Nickel and Dimed Essay

Blue collar jobs are decent means to earn a living.   However, upon reading Nickel and Dimed, a sad reality on the plight of the working poor or the low-wage workforce would wrenched anyone’s heart thinking that if this one is happening in America what will happen to the rest of the other world for instance the poorer countries or we may say the fourth world? The world look up at America’s prosperity but in reading the book of Ehrenreich somebody with a heart would say leave behind that job that enslave and find a living!   This can be easier said but in the true sense it is not the case.   The world we are in is a competition and harsh to people who have the misfortune of having the least opportunity. For this reason, a gesture of kindness or a smile for the working class would alleviate their misery and this is the least we can do or offer them.   Moreover, it is a thing every man should ponder, and to find ways and means to eradicate such meanness. Essay for question number 2 Affordable housing is always in locations called the inner city.   No low-wage worker can afford a prime location and these locations are normally the place where somebody could easily find a job.   Moreover, city planners and businesses cater to the public who have the highest purchasing power because that means business.   With these realities, one may say that the problem is difficult to solve. Habitat for Humanity offers affordable housing but to marginalize few, this international housing organization despite its efforts can not extend its arms to every body that will be in need for low-cost housing.   Many of the working class has a need for affordable housing but it is a bone wrecking effort to make both ends meet.   Probably the only remedy is to lower the living condition and live within the most viable limit.   Truly the best way for a poor person is to live a frugal and detached life and that is to live in a trailer house? Essay for question number 3 Color or hues, even if we say we live in a free country still matters not because it is the Americas but on the simple truth that man are judgmental, discriminating or simply out of touch to reality, greedy or just bent on maximizing their profits. The life of working person begins not in front of his or her job but in the home when she or he start pulling the laundry, wash the dishes or fetch a son or daughter in school.   These are domestic works which needs to be polished day in and out.   In fact, this daily duties is enough challenge to a single parent when he or she needs to battle his or her time from the job that is at hand.   Moreover, single parents do not receive much emotional backups and for this reasons are occasionally being construed by a society to be in need of help but are often are the ones most of the times victimized. Essay for question number 4 Low-wage workers are often times people because of poverty have low self-esteem and for some are rebels.   These workers find difficulty in asserting themselves.   Just imagine the torture of everyday, fighting for the lease of a life that seemed to becoming expensive everyday?   Mentally these are poor workers who have already despaired on their sad fate that since there is no choice left to live, these are just the guys who would shrug their shoulder and live until one can still swallow an air to breath. People who are bereft of a just wage are men marginalized in a materialistic society that lords over technology.   A hedonistic society that looks down on men who belongs to the working class and despised them as if they are not flesh and bones like the rest of the human race.   Every citizen has the right to a just wage, a safe working condition, and a job that could sustain not just the pocket but the heart and mind as well. However, some rights are often undermine by the lack of concern not only from the policy makers but also from the public itself when people patronized products that are cheap because it provides cheap labor to its workers.   Employees of ill-minded owners or greedy businesses should make a stand not to patronized products and services that belong to these suckers.   There is a call for genuine solidarity among employees so that demands will be laid in the most effective and orderly manner or strategy.   With Barbara,   one would say that a 6$ job is not enough â€Å"to compensate indignity† (Ehrenreich, 2000). References Ehrenreich, B. (2000). Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 29 February 2008, from http://www.henryholt.com/readingguides/ehrenreich.htm         

Identities of Cardiff, Wales, UK by quantitative evidence Essay

Identities of Cardiff, Wales, UK by quantitative evidence - Essay Example Of that total population two-thirds (210,000) are of working age and one-third (110,400) are dependents - children under fifteen, women over the age of 60 and men over the age of 65. In contrast, in Wales outside of Cardiff, a lower percentage of the population is still in the workforce. A mere 1,586,000 or 60% of the population is in the workforce, while 40% are classified as dependents. These means that there are more dependents per thousand workers in Wales than there are in Cardiff. Moreover, in Cardiff dependent children outnumber dependent adults while in the remainder of Wales dependent adults outnumber dependent children. Overall, therefor the population of Cardiff is younger than the population of Wales as a whole. In Cardiff a greater percentage of the population is still in the workforce and dependents about to enter the workforce outnumber dependents who have left the workforce. The general fertility rate in Cardiff is slightly lower than that in the remainder of Wales. The figure per thousand women in Cardiff is 57.2: Slightly less than the Welsh national figure which is 59.4. In the aggregate there are only limited differences between the two areas. However, if birthrate is analyzed by age distinct differences emerge. Simply put, women in Cardiff have children later than women in Wales as a whole. In Wales as a whole the birth rate exceeds that of Cardiff for all women under the age of 30. In Cardiff the opposite is true, the birth rate for women over the age of 29 is greater than the national average.. In terms of population movement and migration the city of Cardiff and Wales as a whole demonstrate similarities. Between 2003 and 2007 the population of Wales increased by 10,320 with 57,200 new arrivals and the departure of only 46,890. Similarly, in-migration increased the population of Cardiff during the same period by 820. While both study areas increased in

SB 76 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SB 76 - Term Paper Example The law establishes the MHSO and Accountability Commission. Significantly, the commission is mandated to conduct annual review and approve mental health programs at county level for expenditures such as innovative programs, prevention and early mitigation programs. Moreover, the law authorizes the SDMH to enhance technical assistance to mental health initiatives at county levels, as specified. The bill would terminate the requirement for such annual reviews and authorize the commission, to offer technical expertise to mental health initiatives in the counties (Base, 2012). Currently the law requires health programs in the counties to produce a project that would serve three years to be updated annually and seek the approval of the department after its review and the commission’s comments. The bill would terminate the annual requirement for updating the 3-year initiatives and the requirement for approval by the department preceded by review and commission’s comments. The act restricts funds from the MHSF from supplanting the state funds used to provide psychological services. In addition, it requires financial support of the state for mental health activities with hardly the same entitlements, allocations from the GF. The bill shall order the state to administer the fund as opposed to the department. Additionally, it would authorize for a continued financial support for mental health initiatives from the collection of local revenue. The Treasury of the state would, require the Controller to disseminate to the counties all unutilized and unreserved funds in the MHSF monthly (Hall, 2009). Under the law, money in the MHSF may be utilized only for recognized purposes, including 5% for innovative initiatives, as stipulated and 5% for departments administrative costs, the CMHPC. The bill, 2012, would allocate certain funds in the MHSF to cater for Medical specialty in the mental health services. For instance, through those funds for special pupils and th e Periodic Screening, and Treatment program. Consequently, the allocation of funds in the MHSF for other purposes would make the bill an appropriation (Keithly, 2012). The act demands the department to establish regulations, which may serve as crisis solvers and the designated local agencies to execute the enacted act. However, the bill would declare its consistency with the act; hence, it furthers the purpose. The Constitution in California has authorized the administrator to announce a monetary emergency and call the Legislature into a special session for the above purpose. Significantly, Governor Schwarzenegger produced a proclamation ordering a fiscal emergency, and that necessitated a critical session for the same purpose. Additionally, in December 2010. Governor Brown produced a proclamation in January 2011, as declaration, a reaffirmation that a fiscal emergency disappears, and postulating that his proclamation had superseded the earlier proclamation on the provision of the c onstitution. However, the bill would postulate that it handles the fiscal emergency as declared by the reaffirmation of the Governor by his proclamation produced in January 2011, pursuant to the constitution of California. Arguments for the SB. 76 In conclusion, it is significant to highlight the numerous arguments for the support of the SB. 76. According, to a legislation committee in California referred to as Friend’

Saving Our Public Schools Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Saving Our Public Schools - Assignment Example She believes that social reform is the key to solving most of the problems in the public school system, as they are a direct result of poverty and racial discrimination. Only through initiating policies that are combat poverty and segregation, could the public school system improve. She is also against the use of grades to assess teachers, proposing that their peers and principals should do the assessment. Testing of the students should also be for assessing their strengths and weaknesses and not for ranking purposes. She also recognizes the need to standardize resource allocation to be more equitable across the board as a key issue towards the improvement of public schooling. The privatization of public schooling, in Ms Ravitch’s opinion, will lead to a dual system, where those who can afford to pay for private schooling get into better schools and the poor in the society will be in mediocre schools. IN the interests of democracy, this should not happen. Ms Ravitch mainly uses a cause-and –effect organizational pattern in her essay. This features prominently throughout this text. When she links the move to privatize the public school system to the creation of a dual education system, which segregates the rich, and the poor, which further leads towards affecting the very fabric of the American democratic system, which is equality. This is one of the many examples of a multi-tier cause and effect organizational structures present in the essay. One of the uses of prepositional phrases, is evidenced in the sentence ‘They are being used by those who have an implacable hostility towards the public sector’, in this sentence the preposition is ‘towards’ which uses the modifiers ‘implacable hostility’ to show, effectively, the opinions of the move for privatizations towards the public.. Ms. Ravitch switches voice effectively between the first person and

Nursing career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Nursing career - Essay Example The roles of the different nursing specialties fall under either clinical or non-clinical practices. A nurse educator can perform is required to engage in both clinical and non-clinical practices. Despite the main role of a nurse educator being facilitation of the learning process, curriculum development, research, and inculcating professionalism among the learners, they are obliged to have clinical practice skills in order to guide the students on clinical practice effectively. Contrary to a nurse educator, a nurse informaticist’s roles are inclined more to the non-clinical practice; therefore, their clinical experience is limited. In the same way, a nurse administrator is not directly involved in clinical practices since their main role is coordination of the nursing practices in a healthcare setup such as staff management. The nurse practitioners are directly involved in clinical duties. A nurse practitioner plays a pivotal role in protection of health, health promotion, di sease prevention, treatment, and the provision of primary care to the patients. Despite the differential roles taken up by the different professionals, Rhodes, Morris, and Lazenby (2011) have observed that it is obligatory for all nursing professionals to be caring and knowledgeable. Â  Despite the differences among the nursing professionals with advanced practice, a number of similarities exist. All the specialties in nursing are required to adhere to professional ethics at all times in the execution of their duties.