Consumer Participation in Mental Healthcare in Australia Research Paper

Consumer Participation in Mental Healthcare in Australia - Research Paper Example The optimistic logic of mental health is that it leaves a special variety of stress on human emotions while mental illness conducts negative stress on human thoughts and actions. However, mental illness is not subjected to any physical illness or disease but considered, as a psychological disorder in humans ((Editor),H. Tristram Engelhardt Jr (Editor),S.F.Spicker ). During 1970’s, it was widespread that mental illness and mental health were the two different shaft of a continuum. Since, there are varying degrees of health and sickness that indicates a person’s behavior, a thin line is present between mental health and mental illness. However, one may become sick from being healthy subjective to enough stress and anxiety in social environment. Likewise, in 1980’s, this theory was rejected by (Michel’s and Marzuk1993; Wilson1993) stating that a person can either be sick or healthy (, Department of Health). According to this statement, mental illness in a per son is demonstrated by its abnormal behavior. For example, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, anger, aggression and substance abuse etc. In addition, the sources of mental illness are biochemical, biological, neurological or genetics. Mental health delineates self-esteem, self-actualization and realization, ability to fulfill desires, and significant relationships. Consequently, mental health is far more different from mental illness (, Department of Health).   Subsequently, Australia and New Zealand have been working significantly in providing mental health care facilities to the consumers, as a result, the country’s national policies, effective strategies and legislation have been prepared.  

Ensure a Safe Workplace Essay Example for Free

Ensure a Safe Workplace Essay Chemicals purchase large quantities of cleaning chemicals. These are delivered in 205 liter drums and include solvents, acids and other corrosives, and detergents. These products are decanted by ABC chemical’s staff into retail size containers (not exceeding 30 liters/kilograms) , re-labelled and shipped in company-badged delivery vehicles to retail outlets throughout the metropolitan area. There is, within 25 meters of ABC chemical, a local nursing home that cares for elderly residents with age-related conditions including dementia. Across the road from the nursing home is a child care center that provides day care for the under 5’s. ABC chemicals employs some 50 people whose duties include the day-to-day running of the business and decanting of the chemicals into smaller containers. Small spills during the decanting procedures are cleaned up with rags, which are disposed of at the end of the day into the general waste dumpster in the rear yard of the premises. The dumpster is collected by a waste contractor on a weekly basis. The ABC chemicals building was constructed in 2000 and has been fitted with limited emergency equipment. None of the staff has received any training in safe handling of chemicals or how to cope with emergencies and there is no emergency plan displayed in the workplace. ABC chemicals is situated on a busy intersection and there have been several significant vehicle accidents in front of the premises. All empty chemicals drums are stored in the rear yard against the back cyclone fence. These drums are collected on monthly basis and as many as 250 drums can be stored there awaiting collection. Behind the cyclone fence is a large open, overgrown paddock with dry grass, which is owned by the local council. The council has advised ABC chemicals that they wish to build a community center on this site at some time in the near future.

Newton Raphson Method Example

Newton Raphson Method Example INTEGRATED AC/DC POWER SYSTEM USING MODIFIED NEWTON-RAPHSON LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS ABSTRACT The Newton-Raphson method or the other name called Newton Method, is a powerful technique for solving equations numerically. Like so much of the differential calculus, it is based on the simple idea of linear approximation. The Newton Method, properly used, usually homes in on a root with devastating efficiency. In this research, the Newton-Raphson method load flow analysis will be modified. It is modified to attain compatibility for the AC/DC systems with unified DC links in the ac network. The modified Jacobian equation includes the DC real and reactive power at the AC/DC buses and their dependency on the AC system variables. The AC/DC test system with a load flow computation in MATLAB will be evaluated by using modified Newton-Raphson method. INTRODUCTION Electric power transmission was primitively developed with direct current. The availability of transformers and the development and of induction motors at the beginning of the 20th Century, led to greater appeal and use of AC transmission. The research and development on multi-electrode grid controlled mercury arc valve for high powers and voltages was carried out in 1929. There use in conversion processes for transmission and frequency changing was carried out in 1930’s. DC transmission now became practical when long distances were to be covered or where cables were required. After the Second World War, the research on HVDC got stimulated, particularly in Sweden and in Russia. In 1950, a 116 km experimental transmission line was commissioned from Moscow to Kasira at 200 kV [1]. HVDC transmission is now an integral part of the delivery of electricity in many countries throughout the world. In view of rapid growth in demand and supply of electricity, electric power system is becoming increasingly large and more complex. Moreover, regular electric supply is the sheer necessity for growing industry and other fields of life. The power industry planners are demanding stronger trend towards supplying electric power of higher quality by improving the system security and its impact on environment in parallel with pursuit of economy. In real life situation, the criterion of perfection is never met, because there are deviations between the model and reality. Load flow and state estimation analysis are important tools for deciding the stable operation and control of power system as well as future planning of power systems [2, 3]. The first commercial HVDC line built in 1954 was a 98 km submarine cable with ground return between the island of Gotland and the Swedish mainland [4]. Thyristors were applied to DC. Transmission in the late 1960’s and solid state valves became a reality. In 1969, a contract for the Eel River DC. Link in Canada was awarded as the first application of sold state valves for HVDC transmission [4]. PROBLEM STATEMENT Why use DC transmission in the transmission system? This question often asked by the people. Some of people are response that the losses will are lower. Unfortunately, the answer given not correct. Therefore, the level of losses is planed into a transmission system and modulate by the selected conductor size. Either as overhead transmission lines or submarine cables can have lower losses but at higher expense since the larger cross-sectional area will generally result in lower losses but cost more for the DC and AC conductors. It is mostly by economic choice, when converters are used for DC transmission in preference to AC transmission driven by one of the following reasons: An overhead DC transmission line with its towers can be designed to be less costly per unit of length than an equivalent AC line designed to transmit the same level of electric power. However it is more costly at each end of the DC converter stations than the terminating stations of an AC line. Therefore, there is a breakeven distance above which the total cost of DC transmission is less than its AC transmission alternative. Lower visual profile can have by the DC transmission line than an equivalent AC line. Indeed, it lead to a lower environmental impact. There are other environmental advantages to a DC transmission line through the electric and magnetic fields being DC instead of ac. The breakeven distance is lesser than overhead transmission, if transmission is by submarine or underground cable. It is not practicable to consider AC cable systems exceeding 50 km but DC cable transmission systems are in service with length which is in hundreds of kilometers and even distances greater than or equal 600 km have been considered executable. Neighboring networks are not synchronized with some AC electric power systems even though their physical distances between them are quite small. This situation occurs in Japan. It is 60 Hz network for half the country and the 50 Hz system for the other side. It is physically impossible to connect the both of them together by direct AC methods in order to exchange electric power between them. Nevertheless, it is likely to transfer the needed power flow even though the AC systems, if a DC converter station is located in each system with an interconnecting DC link between them indeed connected remain asynchronous [1]. OBJECTIVES The main objectives of this research are: To study the Newton-Raphson method for the load flow analysis. To modified the Newton-Raphson method to attain compatibility for AC/DC systems with integrated DC links in the AC network. SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY Load flow study is a crucial tool that involve with the numerical analysis applied to a power system. A power flow study usually uses simplified notation such as a one-line diagram and per-unit system and focuses on various forms of AC power (i.e. voltages, voltage angles, real power and reactive power) [5]. Normal steady-state operation is how the power system is analyze. Exist a few number of software implementations of power flow studies. Load flow analysis is probably the most important of all network calculations since it concerns the network performance in its normal operating conditions. It is performed to enquire the magnitude and phase angle of the voltage at each bus and the real and reactive power flows in the system components. The important of this study is to attain compatibility for AC/DC systems with integrated DC links in the AC network by using the modification of the Newton-Raphson power flow analysis method. SCOPE OF WORK The scope of this research is to analyze IEEE test system with the modified Newton-Raphson algorithm that will be develop and to solve the HVDC link power system load flow. This algorithm will be develop from the Newton-Raphson equation and some other equation from the DC link equations. The Jacobian equation for the AC power flow is altered to attain compatibility for systems with integrated DC link(s) in the AC network. Treated as voltage dependent PQ-buses are the converters. This grant the DC variables to be included in the power flow equations. Both the AC network and the DC link will be comprise by the new residual vector and Jacobian matrix [6]. LITERATURE REVIEW The studies of integrated ac/dc power system, their advantages and analysis of load flow in integrated ac/dc power system and their implementation is much developed here the literature review on these aspects is briefly summarized as: K. Ayan, U. Arifoglu, U. Kilic represent the Load Flow (LF) analysis of pure AC power systems is solved saperately. It is by numerical analysis methods and the heuristic methods. The load flow of integrated ac/dc power systems only has been implementing by numerical methods so far. A lot of methods to implement load flow analysis of integrated ac/dc power systems in literature. Examples of these methods are Newton-Raphson, Fast Decoupled and Broyden. By using Genetic Algorithm the consecutive load flow analysis of AC/DC system is implemented. The suggest method is examine on IEEE 9-bus test system. Heuristic method is apply for load flow analysis of the integrated AC/DC power systems for the first time [7]. Panosyan and Oswald presented the model of a two-terminal HVDC link and its integration into the Newton-Raphson method for the load flow analysis taking into consideration the control strategies of the HVDC converter stations. It is suggested that the simplest way of integrating a dc link into the ac load flow is by representing it by constant active and reactive power injections at the two terminal buses in the ac systems. Thus the two terminal ac/dc buses are delineate as a PQ-bus with a constant voltage independent active and reactive power [8]. Sanghavi and Banerjee suggested a sequential approach for performing the load flow analysis of an integrated ac/dc power system. In this approach a simplified model of the dc link has been developed and the means of integrating the link equation with a standard ac load flow program has been explained. in this model minimum amount of modifications have been made with a standard ac load flow program [3]. Mobarak presented the well-known Newton-Raphson method for the load flow analysis of system consisting of HVDC link. The original NR method is modified to attain compatibility for AC/DC systems with integrated DC links in the AC network. The altered Jacobian equation includes the DC real and reactive power at the AC/DC buses and the dependency on the AC system variables [9]. Marsafawy and Mathur proposed a new method for the load-flow calculations of, integrated AC/DC systems. They proposed use of fast decoupled load flow method, which handles all AC/DC equations simultaneously, and fully exploits the sparsity techniques. They have shown application of the technique on two systems. The systems are one with a point to-point DC transmission and the other with a 3-terminal mesh HVDC sub-system. It was a fast technique for load-flow studies of an integrated AC/DC system [10]. Â   METHODOLOGY Definition of Terms/Concepts MATLAB: MATLABÂ ®is a high-level language and interactive environment for numerical computation, visualization, and programming. Using MATLAB, data can be analyze, develop algorithms, and create models and applications. The language, tools, and built-in math functions enable us to explore multiple approaches and reach a solution faster than with spreadsheets or traditional programming languages. Newton-Raphson Equation: Power flow equations formulated in polar form. Expressing in polar form; Separating the real and imaginary parts; Expanding equation above in Taylors series The Jacobian matrix; DC Link Equation: Suppose the rectifier maintains constant current (CC), the inverter operates with constant extinction angle (CEA), maintaining adequate commutation margin under normal operation. That is: If we assume the rectifier maintains constant current (CC), the inverter operates with constant voltage (CV), maintaining adequate commutation margin under normal operation. That is: CONCLUSION In a nutshell, the objective of this study will be achieved after all the research have been done. The Newton-Raphson method will be study and will be applied in the load flow analysis. Then, the Newton-Raphson method will be modified and applied in the AC/DC systems with the integrated DC links in the AC network to achieve it compatibility. The research will able to make the calculation for the AC/DC systems with integrated DC links in the AC network become easy. A new method to include dc systems in power flow calculations will be proposed. The method is more efficient than previous methods and more importantly, the method is easy to implement and developments of ac power flow solution techniques can be combined with the other method. REFERENCES [1]D. A. Woodford, HVDC transmission, Manitoba HVDC Research Centre, pp. 400-1619, 1998. [2]J. Arrillaga and P. Bodger, Integration of h.v.d.c. links with fast-decoupled load-flow solutions, Electrical Engineers, Proceedings of the Institution of, vol. 124, pp. 463-468, 1977. [3]H. A. Sanghavi and S. K. Banerjee, Load flow analysis of integrated AC-DC power systems, in TENCON 89. Fourth IEEE Region 10 International Conference, 1989, pp. 746-751. [4]H. Sato and J. Arrillaga, Improved load-flow techniques for integrated a.c.-d.c. systems, Electrical Engineers, Proceedings of the Institution of, vol. 116, pp. 525-532, 1969. [5]S. Gupta and S. K. Jain, Power flow analysis of system with HVDC link, 2012. [6]O. Osaloni and G. Radman, Integrated AC/DC systems power flow solution using Newton-Raphson and Broyden approaches, in System Theory, 2005. SSST05. Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Southeastern Symposium on, 2005, pp. 225-229. [7]K. Ayan, U. Arifoglu, and U. Kilic, Integrated AC/DC systems Load Flow using Genetic Algorithm, in Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO), 2011 5th International, 2011, pp. 404-409. [8]A. Panosyan and B. Oswald, Modified Newton-Raphson load flow analysis for integrated AC/DC power systems, in Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2004. UPEC 2004. 39th International, 2004, pp. 1223-1227. [9]Y. A. Mobarak, Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication PrinciplesModified load flow analysis for integrated AC/DC power systems, in Power System Conference, 2008. MEPCON 2008. 12th International Middle-East, 2008, pp. 402-405. [10]M. M. El-Marsafawy and R. M. Mathur, A New, Fast Technique for Load-Flow Solution of Integrated Multi-Terminal DC/AC Systems, Power Apparatus and Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. PAS-99, pp. 246-255, 1980.

Allowing Cloning Essay -- Persuasive Argumentative Essays Science

Allowing Cloning In earlier times the subject of cloning human beings has been no more than just a fantastic idea to play around with in science-fiction books and movies. As time progresses though, more and more fantasies become realities. Such is the case with cloning. What has only been dreamt up before by artists on pen and paper can now be performed by scientists in laboratories. With the ability to clone humans now possible the question of whether such an act should even be carried out is raised. How far should cloning be allowed to go if it should even be allowed at all? The answer is that cloning should be allowed, but only in moderation. Currently Congress is debating on a bill on whether or not cloning should be banned outright. If this bill were to pass then the scientific community will have a huge blow dealt against it. Human cloning techniques should not be completely banned because they have the potential of revealing new ways to cure currently incurable diseases and ailments. In the article ?Human Cloning is good for All of Us,? Patrick Stephens writes that ?regulations will delay the availability of medical technologies that cloning and genetic research are bound to bring.? Even though Stephens presents a true possibility he only sees one side of the argument and fails to examine what unchecked cloning could result in. There are those on that oppose Stephens? views completely and would prefer to have the ban on cloning passed by Congress. The result that those people want may be a little extreme, but they seem to be doing it for the right reasons. As mentioned before, cloning has been used as a subject in many science-fiction stores and in most of those cloning has ended up bringing about a ... ... and researched before human clones are produced. We need to learn everything we can about it before we pass judgment. A ban would only prevent us as a society from exploring another possibility that would further separate us from the wild animals and allow us to make a more distinct mark as human beings. Works Cited ?Stop Cloning Now,? The Interim. February 2003. http://www.lifesite.net/interim/2003/feb/04editorials.html Stephens, Patrick. ?Human Cloning is Good for All of Us,? The Objectivist Center. April 3, 2001. http://www.objectivistcenter.org/articles/pstephens_human-cloning-good.asp ?Ten Reasons to Support the Brownback/Landrieu Cloning Ban,? Americans to Ban Cloning. http://cloninginformation.org/info/talking_points.htm Binswanger, Harry. ?Immoral to Ban Human Cloning,? Religion vs. Morality. http://religion.aynrand.org/cloning.html Allowing Cloning Essay -- Persuasive Argumentative Essays Science Allowing Cloning In earlier times the subject of cloning human beings has been no more than just a fantastic idea to play around with in science-fiction books and movies. As time progresses though, more and more fantasies become realities. Such is the case with cloning. What has only been dreamt up before by artists on pen and paper can now be performed by scientists in laboratories. With the ability to clone humans now possible the question of whether such an act should even be carried out is raised. How far should cloning be allowed to go if it should even be allowed at all? The answer is that cloning should be allowed, but only in moderation. Currently Congress is debating on a bill on whether or not cloning should be banned outright. If this bill were to pass then the scientific community will have a huge blow dealt against it. Human cloning techniques should not be completely banned because they have the potential of revealing new ways to cure currently incurable diseases and ailments. In the article ?Human Cloning is good for All of Us,? Patrick Stephens writes that ?regulations will delay the availability of medical technologies that cloning and genetic research are bound to bring.? Even though Stephens presents a true possibility he only sees one side of the argument and fails to examine what unchecked cloning could result in. There are those on that oppose Stephens? views completely and would prefer to have the ban on cloning passed by Congress. The result that those people want may be a little extreme, but they seem to be doing it for the right reasons. As mentioned before, cloning has been used as a subject in many science-fiction stores and in most of those cloning has ended up bringing about a ... ... and researched before human clones are produced. We need to learn everything we can about it before we pass judgment. A ban would only prevent us as a society from exploring another possibility that would further separate us from the wild animals and allow us to make a more distinct mark as human beings. Works Cited ?Stop Cloning Now,? The Interim. February 2003. http://www.lifesite.net/interim/2003/feb/04editorials.html Stephens, Patrick. ?Human Cloning is Good for All of Us,? The Objectivist Center. April 3, 2001. http://www.objectivistcenter.org/articles/pstephens_human-cloning-good.asp ?Ten Reasons to Support the Brownback/Landrieu Cloning Ban,? Americans to Ban Cloning. http://cloninginformation.org/info/talking_points.htm Binswanger, Harry. ?Immoral to Ban Human Cloning,? Religion vs. Morality. http://religion.aynrand.org/cloning.html

Conviction on Economic Stability Essay

One of the best renowned authors of the 21st Century, Adam Harmes – a foreign policy instructor bumped in an idea of analyzing the mishaps which is seemingly occurring in today’s era. Upon producing the book The Return of the State, he cited numerous instances and reasons why the International Business Propagandists must think of ways to expunge the ascending clash between the level of intervention implemented by the economic and political scheme, which he was able to sought as the primary problem on why the country has been departing from the reality of the immediate. Furthermore, he stated the major inevitable state of free-market trade mishaps are that by which denotes â€Å"supreme power† on America, which he, and Paul Martin believes as the root of all fault and that America should not only swallow the benefit out of the concept of trade alone, but rather share the Supremacy along with the other developing states since that as for the moment, they are considered as that which is vested with the pre-dominant influence over all the countries in UN and thus must make a move to improve the welfare of the general masses. He also mentioned numerous convictions on globalization’s effect in the economic realm, Unitarianism in America, G-20 series – as a cure to the rivalry in the economic basis and the expansion of the elite powers’ support over those who need such (Harmes). Concluding the totality of the book, Harmes’ enthusiasm and devotion on racial and international equilibrium and social welfare serves him a ticket on gaining the sympathy of those cosseting on prose historical books. In addition to that his arguments may have seemed opinionated in some certain circumstance, however, it illustrates the need of higher rationality and thus giving the â€Å"elites† in the world of globalization a tickle in their higher sense of rationality that the world is but a web of inter-related active countries and such voices and needs must be well taken care of (Harmes). The Return of the State is grandeur of Harmes in uplifting the banner of humanitarianism and concern for global economic stability. Reference: Harmes, Adam. The Return of the State. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 2004.

An Investigation of the Eddy Currents Essays

An Investigation of the Eddy Currents Essays An Investigation of the Eddy Currents Essay An Investigation of the Eddy Currents Essay An Eddy Current is a closed cringle current that flows in a music director. They are created when a music director s magnetic field is exposed to alter, normally when the music director comes in contact with another magnetic field or when a stationary object enters the music director s magnetic field. These currents circulate and create electromagnets with magnetic Fieldss that will oppose the alteration in the external magnetic field. In other words, the eddy current will be created in the opposite way of the field s motion. Eddy Currents are used for electromagnetic braking in trains and roller coasters as they both travel at a really high degree of inertia therefore doing it hard for them to safely interrupt or hold gesture. In a train, electromagnets placed near to the metal rails induce Eddy currents which so produce magnetic Fieldss within the tracks. The interaction between the magnetic Fieldss opposes the forward gesture of the electromagnets and the train which consequences in the slowing of the train because the strength of the induced Eddy currents is straight relative to the velocity of the train therefore the braking force is reduced as the train slows down. In a roller coaster, a Cu home base is attached to the drive passenger car. As the drive passes between lasting strong magnets attached near the underside of the path, eddy currents are created every bit good as opposite magnetic poles in the Cu home base and magnets. The corporate consequence of interaction between the lasting magnets and Cu home base slows the drive ; because like the train the strength of the eddy currents within the home base is straight relative to the velocity of the home base traveling between the magnetic poles therefore as the drive slows the braking force is reduced. Advantage of Magnetic Braking Mechanisms Virtually fail safe as it relies on the basic belongingss of magnetic attraction and is non affected by assorted elements such as rain like clash brakes. No mechanical wear and tear, hence there is no demand to replace Produces a precise breakage force Purpose: To find if the type of stuff and the thickness of stuff has an consequence on the braking force of an object. Through the usage of electromagnets, the experiment will besides find if eddy currents have a direct impact on the braking force of an object. Hypothesis: Newton s 2nd jurisprudence provinces that the force applied to an object produces a relative acceleration. From the experiment, the braking force created by eddy currents will hold a direct impact on the slowing of a pendulum in gesture. As Cu has a lower electric resistance, it should hold the greatest braking force as the Eddy currents will hold a greater impact on the gesture of the Cu pendulum. Brass has a high electric resistance ; therefore it should hold a much lower braking force caused by the eddy currents. The thicker the conductive home base, the greater the braking force. The more conductive a home base is, the greater the eddy currents that will be produced as there is less electric resistance. Variables: Mugwump: Thickness of stuff and Type of stuff Dependent: Rate of Deceleration Equipment: 2 Electromagnets 1 Transformer ( power battalion ) 2 Copper pendulums, varied thickness 2 Aluminium pendulums, varied thickness 2 Brass pendulums, varied thickness Connecting wires Video Camera Compass Supporting Frame Plastic tube Safety: Ensure transformer ( power battalion ) is turned off when circuit is being connected Method: Measure the thickness of each pendulum utilizing a screw pot, so weigh the pendulum. Record the thickness and weight of each pendulum. Position the supporting frame and plastic tube on the axel of where the pendulum will hang ( so that the pendulum does non travel back and Forth ) and connect electromagnets in series utilizing the power battalion, linking wires and electromagnets. ( Fig. 1.1 ) Note that electromagnets must hold opposite poles in order for magnetic force to be present. Test the poles by utilizing a compass. Voltage: 8 V Current: 0.1 ma Attach pendulum 1 to back uping frame. Turn off magnet and pull pendulum up to specific tallness. Record the gesture of the pendulum upon release utilizing the picture camera. Let go of the pendulum. Observe until the pendulum comes to a stationary place. Stop picture recording. Repeat procedure 5-7 this clip with the electromagnet on. Attach pendulum 2 to back uping frame. Repeat steps 5-9 until all pendulums have been used in the experiment ( 2 Cu, 2 aluminum, 2 brass all varied thickness ) Input each picture into tracker. Using tracker, find the initial and concluding speed of each pendulum swing. Calculate acceleration and Braking Force utilizing speed consequences obtained from tracker. To obtain the consequences from the experiment, tracker had to be used to happen points needed to cipher the initial speed. To happen the initial speed, we used the expression: m=|y2-y1 | | x2-x1 | To happen the acceleration of the pendulum: a = U_ 0.033s x ( # of frames 5 U ) 0.033 is the rate at which the picture camera captures image To happen the Braking Force of the pendulum: F = m a Consequences Material Electromagnet Thickness ( millimeter ) Weight ( g ) Initial Velocity ( U ) MS? Concluding Velocity ( V ) MS? Acceleration Braking Force ( N ) Copper 1 Magnet 0.15 3.44 0.75 0 -0.0891 -0.307 No Magnet 0.15 3.44 0.4768 0 -0.0387 -0.1331 Copper 2 Magnet 0.55 13.90 0.6871 0 -0.0431 -0.5991 No Magnet 0.55 13.90 0.5755 0 -0.0345 -0.4796 Aluminum 1 Magnet 0.33 1.98 0.8129 0 -0.0622 -0.123 No Magnet 0.33 1.98 0.6753 0 -0.0497 -0.098 Aluminum 2 Magnet 1.63 15.10 0.5957 0 -0.0594 -0.897 No Magnet 1.63 15.10 0.654 0 -0.0452 -0.6825 Brass 1 Magnet 0.14 3.62 2/3 0 -0.0404 -0.1462 No Magnet 0.14 3.62 0.453 0 -0.025 -0.0905 Brass 2 Magnet 0.81 11.74 0.666 0 -0.0412 -0.4837 Anomaly No Magnet 0.81 11.74 0.743 0 -0.0447 -0.5248 Anomaly Interpretation A ; Analysis: Forms, Trends and Discrepancies: Strengths and Failings of attack: Potential Beginnings of Mistake: Measuring the thickness of each pendulum utilizing a prison guard pot Measuring the mass of each pendulum alterations to the original program are identified and justified. Decision: that explains cause-and-effect relationship between dependant and independent variables ; alternate accounts are identified ; hypothesis is supported or rejected. Part 2 Magnetic Induction Research Paper 1. Outline Michael Faraday s find of the coevals of an electric current by a moving magnet. Michael Faraday was an English chemist and physicist best known for his pioneering experiments in electricity and magnetic attraction. In 1785, Charles Coulomb demonstrated how electric charges repel one another. In 1820 Hans Christian Oersted and Andre Marie Ampere discovered that an electric current produces a magnetic field. This led Faraday to believe that since an electric current could make a magnetic field, a magnetic field in bend should be able to bring forth an electric current. This was based on his thoughts about the preservation of energy. In 1831 Faraday demonstrated this through an experiment: He attached two wires through a sliding contact to touch a revolving Cu phonograph record located between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. This set-up was the equivalent of switching a magnetic field near to an electric circuit which in bend induced a uninterrupted direct current. Faraday explained that the traveling disc induced the electric current as it cut a series of lines of magnetic force emanating from the magnetic field. The connecting wires enabled the current to flux in an external circuit. This experiment was the innovation of the first electric generator. 2. Describe the construct of magnetic flux and how it relates to magnetic flux denseness ( B ) and surface country ( A ) . The construct of magnetic flux is a step of the measure of magnetic attraction, taking into history the strength of the magnetic field. Magnetic flux { measured in Webers ( Wb ) } is the sum of magnetic field that is fluxing through a certain country A. This can be represented by the entire figure of magnetic flux lines that pass through country A. This relates to magnetic flux denseness ( B ) { measured in Webers per sq. meter ( Wb m-2 ) } because the stronger the magnetic field in a specific point the higher the magnetic flux denseness ( B ) at that particular point which mean s there are more magnetic flux lines that are go throughing through that country. To cipher the magnetic flux ( entire sum of perpendicular magnetic field go throughing through an country or a surface ( A ) ) : Flux = Flux Density x Area = B x A 3. Outline Lenz s Law and history for Lenz s Law in footings of preservation of energy. Lenz discovered a manner to happen the way of the induced electric currents that were predicted by Faraday s jurisprudence which states that an electric current that is induced by a altering magnetic field will in bend bring on its ain magnetic field. Lenz s jurisprudence states that whenever there is an induced electromotive force ( voltage ) within a music director, it will ever be in a way that the current created will oppose the alteration which causes the induced voltage. This jurisprudence is a effect of the Law of Conservation of Energy which states that in the altering from one signifier to another, energy is ever conserved. For illustration: A current is produced from the interpolation of a magnet into a spiral of wire that is connected to a circuit with a microammeter. The traveling magnet induces an electric current in the wire which so creates its ain magnetic field. In conformity with Lenz s jurisprudence, the created magnetic field must oppose the traveling magnet ( the cause of the magnetic field ) . Thus the magnetic field will be in the way that will seek to halt the moving magnet. Hence it adheres to the Law of Conservation of Energy. If the current did non oppose the traveling magnet, the created magnetic field would so increase the magnet s speed and thereby increase its kinetic energy which bypasses the Law of Conservation of Energy. 4. Sketch how the magnetic initiation is used in cook-tops in electric scopes. Magnetic initiation does non affect bring forthing heat which is so transferred to the cook-top. Alternatively it makes the cook-top itself the heat generator to cook the nutrient. Magnetic Initiation is used in cook-tops in electric scopes through the usage of electricity to bring forth a magnetic field that sends currents into Fe atoms that react by motion which causes clash and heat in a metal vas. How Induction Cooking Works: Electricity powers a spiral ( represented by the ruddy lines ) that in bend produces a high frequence jumping current is passed through the spiral making a fluctuating electromagnetic field ( represented by the orange lines ) . That field penetrates the metal of the ferromagnetic stuff cooking vas and sets up a go arounding electric current, in other words an eddy current, which generates heat. The heat generated in the cook-top is transferred to the cook- tops contents. Nothing outside the cook-top is affected as the eddy currents Fieldss are trapped within the cook-top as it is an electrical dielectric. 5. Discourse the demand for step-up and step-down transformers in the transportation of electrical energy from a power station to its point of usage. Bibliography hypertext transfer protocol: //electricitymagnetism.suite101.com/article.cfm/understanding_lenzs_law hypertext transfer protocol: //www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae572.cfm hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_current hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ehow.com/how-does_4964019_eddy-currents-work.html hypertext transfer protocol: //csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/newton3laws.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.answers.com/topic/conservation-of-energy hypertext transfer protocol: //www.toolbase.org/Technology-Inventory/Appliances/induction-cooktops hypertext transfer protocol: //theinductionsite.com/how-induction-works.shtml hypertext transfer protocol: //www.phy.hr/~dpaar/fizicari/xfaraday.html

How a Penny Can Make Wine Smell and Taste Better

How a Penny Can Make Wine Smell and Taste Better Before you throw out that bottle of funky-smelling wine, try a simple chemistry life hack to fix it. Its super easy and all you need is a penny! How to Fix Smelly Wine With a Penny First, find a penny. Clean it up by rinsing it off and polishing off any grime.Pour yourself a glass of wine.Drop in the clean penny and swirl it around in the glass.Remove the penny. You dont want to accidentally swallow it!Now, inhale the improved aroma and drink the wine.Drink more wine. Youre so clever, youve earned it. How the Penny Trick Works Wine can smell stinky because it contains sulfur compounds called thiols. A burnt rubber odor comes from a thiol called ethyl mercaptan. Eau de rotten eggs comes from hydrogen sulfide. If your wine smells like someone put out a match in it, thats from a thiol named methyl mercaptan. The thiols are in the wine as a natural consequence of  grape fermentation. During fermentation, the sugars from the fruit juice undergo reduction, which involves the loss of oxygen. In stale, old wine or some cheap wine, the process kicks into overdrive, resulting in so much thiol the wine becomes unpalatable. Heres where the penny comes to the rescue. While pennies are mostly zinc, the outer shell contains copper. The copper reacts with thiols to produce copper sulfide, which is odorless. Since the senses of smell and taste are connected, removing the stench dramatically improves both the aroma and perceived flavor of the wine. Save Your Wine With Silver Looking for a classier way to fix your wine? You can get the same deodorizing effect by stirring your wine with a silver spoon. If you dont have a silver spoon, try a sterling silver ring. Just remember to remove it before imbibing.

LSC essays

LSC essays When deciding on a place for my science trip, I knew the perfect place would be the Liberty Science Center, located in Jersey City, New Jersey. I went there often as a child, so I already knew that there was a great deal to learn there. What I didn't realize was how much it had been updated since I was there last. There are so many advances going on in science and technology, it's all so amazing. What surprised me most, is that even at age 19, I still had as much fun there as I did when I was 9. When I got first arrived at the science center, I was so overwhelmed I didn't know where to go first. The center has three floors, each with a different theme - Invention, Health, and Environment. It is also home to the nation's largest IMAX movie screen. I decided to check out one floor at a time, and later try to see a show. First I visited the Environment Floor. This was my least favorite of all the floors. The first exhibit I looked at was calledThe Estuary.? This had many different tanks filled with fish that normally dwell in the lower Hudson River. Next I visited the solar telescope. I walked inside what the Science Center calls their lighthouse, and found that they have an actual solar telescope mounted on their roof. From this telescope I saw images of the sun's surface. The next exhibit I visited was call the Bug Zoo, unfortunately I didn't stay there long. It was filled with tanks holding cockroaches, millipedes, and even honeybees, along with a small greenhouse. I was very uncomfortable there. I then visited The Rock Wall. Here they asked me to try to climb a wall, just like professional rock climbers do. It's a lot harder then it looks, and I didn't get very far. Before I left the floor I last visited a gallery calledA Question of Truth?, which was divided into four exhibits. A t first one, Point of View, I learned some beliefs and customs of different cultures. For example, although we believe that ...

WAS THE UNITED STATES FOUNDED ON CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLES Essay

WAS THE UNITED STATES FOUNDED ON CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLES - Essay Example the Pope. To avoid this very friction, the US constitution framed by Jefferson clearly demarcates between the State and the Church and again reaffirms it in the Bill of Rights. This article tries to shed some light on the issue, from the perspective of certain recent articles and other historical facts, and tries to explore the principles behind the formation of US Constitution and the Bill of Rights. The article will also take a stand and will try to prove that US Constitution was not formed on Christian principles, but were solely based on the principles of fraternity, equality and justice for all. It is interesting to note that the people with opposing views on the subject of separation of Church and State have cited Thomas Jefferson in their arguments. The main reason behind this is the fact that Jefferson was one of the founding fathers of the US constitution formed in 1787. It is observed by the religious groups that Jefferson was an observant person and regularly attended church services during his tenure as the president. However, what many of the religious groups fail to say is that, he also, as Jewett aptly observes, â€Å"expressed contempt for any organized religion. And, saw as an anathema, any governmental control on religious thought† (Jewett, Jefferson and Religion). Jefferson was a follower of the Enlightenment theories of that age and thus believed in secularism, freedom and humanism. He was deeply influenced by the ethical theories of Stoicism and Epicures. Jesus, according to Jefferson, was a teacher in morality and his moral views were necessary to br ing freedom, happiness and to govern the society well. His god was a ‘god of reason’ who, he believed, established the laws on which nature functioned. Jefferson believed that one’s religious practice was of a personal nature which no state should try to control. This is evident in one of his letters which says â€Å"you must lay aside prejudices on both sides, and neither believe nor reject

The Theory of Ideology and Children's Drawings Assignment

The Theory of Ideology and Children's Drawings - Assignment Example Visual culture in the modern world has an immense capacity to influence children’s thinking (Duncum, 2001; Freedman, 2003; Kindler, 2003; Smith-Shank, 2002; Tavin, 2003; Wilson, 2003a). This is particularly true in terms of how they incorporate and integrate surrounding images and signs. Althussers formulation of interpellation has been essential to scholars of the post-structuralist era (Bateman, 2011), particularly for the investigation of image and meaning in visual culture studies. This investigative approach to children’s drawings in relation to art education illuminates the influence of children’s surroundings in modern life. The concept of interpellation was adapted to such uses by theorists of politics and media in the 1970s (Sturken & Cartwright, 2009). Below, I examine the ideas of French Marxist Louis Althusser, employing his concepts of interpellation and ideology to analyze how the drawings of young people are shaped by the visual culture around them. Such an exercise will demonstrate how visual culture shapes all of us. Children are products of their world, and the world in which they develop has a vested interest in ensuring that they conceive of their environment in certain ways. The power of the structures of visual culture needs to be clear and persistently justified by those in power. If the semiotics of visual culture functions as the elites desire them to function, children will see and render the world in ways others desire. However, one must bear in mind that a strictly structuralist view of Marxism, as well as a strictly structuralist reading of the theory of interpellation, fails to appreciate the role of human agency in shaping individual sensibilities. In short, while visual culture can be powerful, children’s drawings can rebel against received semiotics or the contrivances of the interpellative efforts of the state apparatus. As such, I

Conflict Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conflict Management - Essay Example First, explain the problem to the other party, however the language and mode of communication need to be convincing. The second step involves application of social skills to calm down the situation. This requires creativity in attracting the audience of the other partner. In such situation, if a sad mood exists, then allow time for calmness before proceeding (Konijn, 2008). The final step involves building a positive relationship. After explaining the challenge at hand, one needs to create a cordial and joyous relationship. This step is a bit difficult; however, creative skills in problem solving and conflict management need to apply to maximum to ensure that, the meeting ends in fine moods. In conclusion, the plan for interpersonal challenge management involves diverse skills of problem solving and apt communications skills. In addition, the fundamental aspect in this situation is the creation of a fine

Social Class and Class Conflict in Jane Austens Persuasion Essay

Social Class and Class Conflict in Jane Austens Persuasion - Essay Example The Elliots are a titled and landowning family, and so, in the conception of traditional, aristocratic society, they enjoyed a secure position. However, Austen highlights in Persuasion just how unstable this position was becoming by the 19th century, and the very real risks which could threaten the fundamental happiness of gentry women. Sir Walter, obsessed with his position as a baronet, overspends in order to maintain what he regards the traditional lifestyle of his class, and brings huge debts upon the family. This forces his daughters to move out of their childhood home – Kellynch Hall – and see strangers move in, who are members of the upwardly mobile middle class – people who, through prosperous trading ventures or, more respectably, through clerical, medical and naval careers, were gaining wealth and influence in the 19th century. At the same time as being forced from her home, Anne Elliot must live with the knowledge that she was persuaded, through the ad vice of the aristocratic Lady Russell, to give up marriage to the man she lived because of his lack of wealth and connections. A key point is that women at the time were unable to own wealth or property, and were therefore curtailed in any attempt to gain economic security. As the character of Mrs Smith shows, the consequences of a husband’s or father’s death could be severe, and could leave a woman destitute and excluded from society. In the novel, the naval career is presented as means by which wealth and a certain elevation of status can be achieved in life, although the traditional landed aristocracy might still descry the ambition of the lower sorts. However, Austen might be accused of a gentle subversion of the rigid class system of the time, in the favorable way she presents the upward social mobility of characters like the Crofts and Captain Wentworth. Of course, even a good start in the naval career is shown to rely on influential contacts, when Admiral Croft says of Captain Wentworth’s charge of the Asp: ‘lucky fellow to get anything so soon, with no more interest than his’ (Persuasion, 51), with ‘interest’ surely referring to influential people working on behalf of his interests. Nevertheless, once given a commission, a captain could make large profits, especially in a time of war as at the turn of the 19th century, when Britain was at war with France, and booty from captured ships supplemented pay. Captain Wentworth comments, ‘Ah! Those were the pleasant days when I had the Laconia! How fast I made money in her’ (Persuasion, 52), while the Admiral even says ‘if he have the good luck to live to another war’ (Persuasion, 55), clearly eyeing potential profits. Austen seems to favor the navy as a career most after the clergy, and not only in Persuasion. She uses it in this novel, however, as the model by which people can be promoted and achieve success and prosperity on the basis of their personal merit, rather than their ancestry. Indeed, such a meritocratic system is anathema to Sir Walter, who is obsessed with heredity. This obsession with his status as a baronet reaches a comic level when we see him repeatedly reading and re-reading the entry on him in the Baronetage, no doubt the famous Debrett’s Peerage and Baronetage, first published in 1802 (Ross, 196). Sir Walter is convinced that this status gives him some natural superiority, and yet, on comparison

Benefits and shortcomings of getting this additional degree Speech or Presentation

Benefits and shortcomings of getting this additional degree - Speech or Presentation Example Tuition for one semester costs $685 (15 or more credit hours), or he can pay $55 per credit hour if he takes less than 15 credit hours. It will also cost him $5 per credit hour for Student Fees and there is a technology fee of $16 per semester. Jose will need to take 14 more 3 credit courses to complete a degree in electronic commerce. He figures that he will need to attend school for 3 more consecutive semesters (1 full year plus 5 months) to complete the electronic commerce degree. Textbooks will cost him $95 per class. a. Jose is planning on taking five courses during his first two semesters in the electronic commerce program, and four courses during the third semester. How much will it cost to get this second degree? b. Jose needs to determine how much money he will need to borrow if he works 15 hours a week at a local video store making $9.50 per hour (take-home = assume 4 weeks per month). He will be able to rent a room from a friend for $200 per month, who is also willing to share groceries and phone costs. Williams share of the food and phone expenses will be $130 per month. He estimates other expenses such as car insurance and clothes to come to about $300 per month. How much will he need to borrow to complete the second degree in 1 year and 5 months? 4. What do you think? Using the evidence from above, explain in a well-structured essay the benefits and shortcomings of getting this additional degree. Research the trends, salaries, and job availability of entry-level graphic design jobs in the electronic commerce industry. Be sure to consider both short-term and long-term

Case Study of Women and Global Leadership at Bestfoods

Of Women and Global Leadership at Bestfoods - Case Study Example Diversity should be maintained at all levels of the companies’ organizational structure. While ensuring diversity, however, managers of the subsidiary branches should be left with the freedom of formulating their own diversity policies by incorporating different cultural and economic aspects of their markets. Question 2: Brody’s idea to hold the forum I concur with Brody’s idea to hold the forum as one way of promoting diversity in the company’s workforce. The forum provided a great opportunity for the company to discuss the issues of diversity in detail and help each other understand the need to have a highly diversified workforce. Through the forum, various leaders of the company will be informed about the importance of diversity management and how a diverse workforce can steer the company to greater heights in to the future. Other ways through which the same objective could be met is by allowing the management teams of subsidiary companies to customize their own diversity policies based on the varying needs of the consumers in their markets. Question 3: Challenges for Brody and Shoemate in implementing the diversity strategy Like any other form of organizational change, this new diversity policy is likely to encounter resistance to change from various stakeholders in the organization. Conservative leaders are likely to be unwilling to implement the strategy and may prefer to maintain the status quo. Another challenge is the amount of resources and time that it will need to implement the policy. The employees will have to be trained and informed about the new strategies and this will take the organization a significant amount of time and resources. These challenges can however be overcome with proper management and cooperation between the management and the employees. Question 4: Steps taken to manage diversity prior to the forum Several steps were taken to manage the diversity situation in the company before the Women and Global l eadership forum. One such step was conducting a research in the company’s workforce in order to determine the best ways to improve it. There was a commission on Diversity already formed to look at the issues of diversity. By the time the forum took place the company was one of the best performing in the industry in terms of diversity, with women, Africans Whites and various other minority groups represented in the company’s Board of Directors. Question 5: Actions that have made this a successful change effort This new diversity policy has been a successful change effort for the company and this can be attributed to a variety of factors. First and foremost, there was proper planning that begun with a research study of the company’s workforce. The findings of the study led to the realization of the new path the organization ought to take. There was further planning and involvement of all the stakeholder in the company throughout the process. The success can also b e attributed to effective communication between the management team and other employees. Question 6: Other steps to be taken in order to institutionalize the changes that began at the forum In order to effectively manage and maintain diversity in the workforce of the company, there is need to put in place appropriate structures for assessing progress made by

Social Class and Class Conflict in Jane Austens Persuasion Essay

Social Class and Class Conflict in Jane Austens Persuasion - Essay Example The Elliots are a titled and landowning family, and so, in the conception of traditional, aristocratic society, they enjoyed a secure position. However, Austen highlights in Persuasion just how unstable this position was becoming by the 19th century, and the very real risks which could threaten the fundamental happiness of gentry women. Sir Walter, obsessed with his position as a baronet, overspends in order to maintain what he regards the traditional lifestyle of his class, and brings huge debts upon the family. This forces his daughters to move out of their childhood home – Kellynch Hall – and see strangers move in, who are members of the upwardly mobile middle class – people who, through prosperous trading ventures or, more respectably, through clerical, medical and naval careers, were gaining wealth and influence in the 19th century. At the same time as being forced from her home, Anne Elliot must live with the knowledge that she was persuaded, through the ad vice of the aristocratic Lady Russell, to give up marriage to the man she lived because of his lack of wealth and connections. A key point is that women at the time were unable to own wealth or property, and were therefore curtailed in any attempt to gain economic security. As the character of Mrs Smith shows, the consequences of a husband’s or father’s death could be severe, and could leave a woman destitute and excluded from society. In the novel, the naval career is presented as means by which wealth and a certain elevation of status can be achieved in life, although the traditional landed aristocracy might still descry the ambition of the lower sorts. However, Austen might be accused of a gentle subversion of the rigid class system of the time, in the favorable way she presents the upward social mobility of characters like the Crofts and Captain Wentworth. Of course, even a good start in the naval career is shown to rely on influential contacts, when Admiral Croft says of Captain Wentworth’s charge of the Asp: ‘lucky fellow to get anything so soon, with no more interest than his’ (Persuasion, 51), with ‘interest’ surely referring to influential people working on behalf of his interests. Nevertheless, once given a commission, a captain could make large profits, especially in a time of war as at the turn of the 19th century, when Britain was at war with France, and booty from captured ships supplemented pay. Captain Wentworth comments, ‘Ah! Those were the pleasant days when I had the Laconia! How fast I made money in her’ (Persuasion, 52), while the Admiral even says ‘if he have the good luck to live to another war’ (Persuasion, 55), clearly eyeing potential profits. Austen seems to favor the navy as a career most after the clergy, and not only in Persuasion. She uses it in this novel, however, as the model by which people can be promoted and achieve success and prosperity on the basis of their personal merit, rather than their ancestry. Indeed, such a meritocratic system is anathema to Sir Walter, who is obsessed with heredity. This obsession with his status as a baronet reaches a comic level when we see him repeatedly reading and re-reading the entry on him in the Baronetage, no doubt the famous Debrett’s Peerage and Baronetage, first published in 1802 (Ross, 196). Sir Walter is convinced that this status gives him some natural superiority, and yet, on comparison

Case Study of Women and Global Leadership at Bestfoods

Of Women and Global Leadership at Bestfoods - Case Study Example Diversity should be maintained at all levels of the companies’ organizational structure. While ensuring diversity, however, managers of the subsidiary branches should be left with the freedom of formulating their own diversity policies by incorporating different cultural and economic aspects of their markets. Question 2: Brody’s idea to hold the forum I concur with Brody’s idea to hold the forum as one way of promoting diversity in the company’s workforce. The forum provided a great opportunity for the company to discuss the issues of diversity in detail and help each other understand the need to have a highly diversified workforce. Through the forum, various leaders of the company will be informed about the importance of diversity management and how a diverse workforce can steer the company to greater heights in to the future. Other ways through which the same objective could be met is by allowing the management teams of subsidiary companies to customize their own diversity policies based on the varying needs of the consumers in their markets. Question 3: Challenges for Brody and Shoemate in implementing the diversity strategy Like any other form of organizational change, this new diversity policy is likely to encounter resistance to change from various stakeholders in the organization. Conservative leaders are likely to be unwilling to implement the strategy and may prefer to maintain the status quo. Another challenge is the amount of resources and time that it will need to implement the policy. The employees will have to be trained and informed about the new strategies and this will take the organization a significant amount of time and resources. These challenges can however be overcome with proper management and cooperation between the management and the employees. Question 4: Steps taken to manage diversity prior to the forum Several steps were taken to manage the diversity situation in the company before the Women and Global l eadership forum. One such step was conducting a research in the company’s workforce in order to determine the best ways to improve it. There was a commission on Diversity already formed to look at the issues of diversity. By the time the forum took place the company was one of the best performing in the industry in terms of diversity, with women, Africans Whites and various other minority groups represented in the company’s Board of Directors. Question 5: Actions that have made this a successful change effort This new diversity policy has been a successful change effort for the company and this can be attributed to a variety of factors. First and foremost, there was proper planning that begun with a research study of the company’s workforce. The findings of the study led to the realization of the new path the organization ought to take. There was further planning and involvement of all the stakeholder in the company throughout the process. The success can also b e attributed to effective communication between the management team and other employees. Question 6: Other steps to be taken in order to institutionalize the changes that began at the forum In order to effectively manage and maintain diversity in the workforce of the company, there is need to put in place appropriate structures for assessing progress made by

Participation of Juveniles in Deviant Behavior Essay Example for Free

Participation of Juveniles in Deviant Behavior Essay From the very dawn of the formation of civil communities, some types of behavior had been classified as unlawful and had been discouraged. Even the earliest legislations had inflicted punishment for infringement of the extant laws, in wider interests of their society. This practice has continued to this day and it is common knowledge as to what does or does not constitute unacceptable or deviant behavior. Deviance has been described as the breach of the cultural standards and one such instance is crime. An important subset of crime is juvenile delinquency or crimes committed by juveniles. Juvenile deviant behavior occurs due to a number of causes and some of these are a disturbed home environment, difficulty in adjusting to the school environment that results in discontinuing school and in poor academic performance and associating with immoral persons. Traditionally, the perspective of criminology has been restricted to the contravention of laws laid down by society. On the other hand, research in the context of deviancy has adopted a much wider perspective and labels any abnormality that is socially prohibited as being deviant. Accordingly, the use of obscenities in speech, mingling with antisocial element and alcoholism constitute deviant behavior. In other words, the sociological approach to deviance encompasses the restricted perspective of traditional criminology (Deviant Behaviour , 1994). The various steps that culminate in the establishment of deviant identity are ignominy, social rejection, and membership of a subculture that is deviant and assumption of a deviant role. The assumption is that social processes act in such a manner that the individual is compelled to assume a deviant role, because of the exclusion of the more conventional positions. The result of the adoption of such a deviant role is that the individual may become a member of a deviant subculture and may eventually adorn the role of permanent deviancy (Deviant Behaviour , 1994). Some of the major causes for socially deviant behavior amongst juveniles have been identified, by researchers, as childhood abuse, neglect and trauma. The abuse of narcotic substances has been considered to be the root cause of trauma in juveniles and most of the juveniles in detention were either addicted to drugs or had been addicted to drugs prior to incarceration. Furthermore, poverty has been found to be closely associated with violent crime and homicide. It was observed in many ghettos in the US that the crime rate was on the increase wherever there was economic deprivation, whereas there was a reduction in crime rates in areas located outside these ghettos (Blank, 1997. P. 47). It had been opined by the chief of the child development and behavior branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development or the NIH that crime, pregnancy amongst teenagers, discontinuation of school and substandard academic performance were caused by the lack of adequate reading skills. Moreover, various research projects that had been conducted in the past, had established that a dearth of reading skills had a direct bearing on the proliferation of juvenile delinquency (Hodges, Giuliotti, Porpotage, 1994). In 1951, a survey conducted by Melvin Roman, revealed that approximately eighty  ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œ five percent of those who were receiving treatment in the clinic attached to the New York City Children’s Court, had impaired reading skills. It was also stated by many authorities that detained juveniles were invariably characterized by academic achievement that was unsatisfactory (Hodges, Giuliotti, Porpotage, 1994). Economic deprivation produces a variety of deviant behavior in juveniles, who fall victim to anger, apathy, ignorance and desperation. Ignorance prevents juveniles from taking advantage of the education system to obtain skills that could prove to be adequately remunerative and this in turn results in discontinuation of schooling. Moreover, some of these juveniles might have parents who indulge in the abuse of drugs and this could embolden them to undertake risks that could prove fatal, in order to experience pleasure for a small duration of time.

The Role Of Theory And Practice Facilitated By Reflection Nursing Essay

The Role Of Theory And Practice Facilitated By Reflection Nursing Essay Question Dewey (1938) stated that all genuine education comes through experience. Certainly, in practice-based professions such as the health care professions, clinical experience should be the basis for learning. To extract learning from experience, we need to create meaning from our experiences as we interact with and react to, them. We cannot allow any experience to be taken for granted; once we do so, actions become routine and habitual, we stop noticing and enter into a rut (Stuart 2007). Critically discuss this quotation by focusing on the complexity of learning in practice, the complexity of supervisory process and the end goal of creating a competent practitioner. Table of Contents Introduction It is in the interest of both the university and the clinical areas to ensure that newly qualified nurses are perfectly competent to take on the responsibilities of their new jobs. The big question is; which area should play the best part in ensuring that this feat is accomplished? Conversely, could it be a perfect balance between the two domains? Considering the changing face of nursing education to keep up with modern times, it is also useful to contemplate the challenges that students and educators, both academic and clinical are faced with. In order to establish if the goal of producing a competent practitioner is reached, it is important to determine what exactly constitutes a competent practitioner. As a final thought the concept of competency shall be pondered to see if it is sufficient to produce competent professionals when todays employers demand high standards and excellency of care. The changing nature of nursing Countless times nursing has been referred to as both an art and a science. Clearly, this is to delineate that it is a combination of both academical knowledge and practice skill. Through the years nursing education has shifted from hospital training (skills) to higher education (academic) namely university baccalaureates, masters and also doctorates (Wilson, 2008). Jarvis (2005) explains that this change is occurring because nursing is undergoing a process of professionalization (professionalism). Another important change is that, whereas the student nurses before were all young recruits nowadays the classroom is a mixture of ages either due to mature students entering nursing or due to continuing education (Jarvis, 2005). These adult learners may thus have different learning needs. The fact that nursing has distanced itself from the medical model, in favour of a holistic, patient centered approach, it has also inevitably changed the way nurse education is planned and delivered nowad ays. Alongside the study of anatomy and physiology, nurse educators had to include the nursing process and humanistic subjects like the concept of care, psychology, sociology and ethics. Meurier, Vincent Parmar (1997) maintain that this process was necessary for nursing to become an autonomous profession that has research underpinning its practice. Evidence based practice became a means of gaining credibility with both clients and other professions. Greater autonomy has been given to nurses locally by the issuing of the nursing warrant. However, autonomy also translates into increased accountability. Patients abroad are now personally suing individual nurses when they are thought to be personally responsible for errors. Never before has it been more important to produce competent, efficient and effective nurses in order to avoid costly litigations and avoidable patient suffering and harm. The emphasis is now on which type of learning is best at producing competent nurses, theoretical, academic or possibly a mixture of both. The great debate One of the main objectives of this assignment is to critically discuss the quote provided. In this quote Dewey is said to put great emphasis on the role that experiences plays in providing a genuine education. Experience is defined in the Longman (2010) dictionary as knowledge or skill that you gain from doing a job or activity. Experience is an important component of practice development (Lyneham, Parkinson Denholm, 2009). However, nursing is not only about doing but also about thinking. In the quote provided, Deweys seems to be subjective when he omits to recognize the role that theory plays in the learning process. However Dewey, in his own book states that the belief that all genuine education comes about through experience does not mean that all experiences are genuinely or equally educative (Dewey, 1998, p. 13). Knowles, Holton III, Swanson, (2005) believed that many Deweys ideas were misinterpreted through the years and emphasised the importance of direct quoting. Hence, to evaluate properly Deweys quote, one must assess it in the whole context not just a short quote. Peplau (1988, p. 13) asserts that the art and science aspects of nursing should always be kept interconnected if not inseparable. This statement suggests that experience and academical knowledge, should complement each other in order to achieve optimal learning. The clinical environment is a rich learning ground full of learning opportunities. On the other hand, this knowledge can be in a tacit f orm and hard to translate into words. Eraut (2004) maintains that when these situations arise, the practitioner needs to find alternate ways of unlocking and sharing this knowledge. Reflection, which is widely taught in nursing curriculae nowadays may be a means of articulating knowledge that is embedded in practice (McBrien, 2006). Thus, this is an example of theory complimenting experiential learning. Furthermore, without nursing developing its own theoretical body of knowledge the quest for professionalization would have been unreachable. In order to advance the nursing profession and provide the tools to increase the body of knowledge, critical thinking and research modules have been added to the nursing curriculae. This enabled nursing to move away from the dominancy of other professions and empowered nurses to be able to make their own competent decisions based on well researched evidence. Clinical experience includes also the practicing of skills, which are primarily learnt through role modelling strategies and perfected through repetition thus increasing competence. Consequently, habitualisation runs the danger of becoming a ritualistic practice when it is taken for granted and done without thought (Stuart, 2007). Heath and Freshwater (2000) regard proficiency in skill, achieved through repetitive practice as positive. They explain that nurses will require less thought whilst performing procedures and their attention may be dedicated to answering the patients questions or observing his behaviour. However, practice without reflection truly risks becoming a rigid, habitualised and ritualistic vicious circle. Experience is not just about performing skills well and in good timing. It is also an opportunity to be faced with different clinical situations and challenges that equip the nurse with the necessary knowledge to deal with similar situations in the future. A report compiled by the Department of Health (1999) entitled Making a difference outlined that many newly qualified nurses lacked the necessary skills to function as confident and competent practitioners in their new professional roles. Therefore, although nurses might possess the academical knowledge to pass their final exams, they lacked the experience to operate confidently on the wards. Another shortfall was that newly qualified nurses were observed to lack the critical thinking skills necessary to function in the increasingly complex clinical environment (Aronson, Rosa, Anfinson Light, 1997). Many argue that this is the result of the shift from hospital based training to university centered education, creating the theory pra ctice gap phenomenon (Evans, 2009). In the following paragraphs, the theory practice gap and means of reducing it shall be discussed. Theory- Practice Gap In the past, nurses had more clinical hours than study hours as part of their nurse education. Furthermore, the students of the past were counted as part of the nursing compliment. This may explain why they found the transition from a student to qualified nurse less problematic. However, this kind of training sucked the students into a circle of ritualistic practice concentrating on efficiency rather than effectiveness. In contrast todays student is provided with all the theoretical knowledge to ensure that practice is guided by evidence thus shifting the balance onto effectiveness. Wilson (2008) explains that teaching should not just be the imparting of facts but that students must learn how to adapt this information to each unique clinical setting. Therefore, it is empirical to bridge the gap between what is known and what is practiced. The gap between theory and practice is not something of the present and will persist through the ages. Haigh (2009) considers this gap to be important as it portrays nursing as a vibrant and dynamic profession (p. 1). Notwithstanding this, the theory practice gap has inspired theorists to introduce learning models in the clinical environment and mostly included the participation of a clinical supervisor (Beinart, 2004 and Lynch, Hancox, Happell, Parker, 2008). Furthermore, no model has managed to eradicate the theory practice gap (Baxter, 2007). Whichever model may be used, the importance of having a clinical supervisor with exceptional qualities must not be overlooked. An advantage of the local nursing scene is that although the Institute of Nursing has now become a faculty, its basis is still within the general hospital. The significance of this is not only that the two domains are not physically separated, but that also academical staff and other resources such as the library are easily accessible. However other measures are also necessary in order to amalgamate theory and practice. The areas of reflection and clinical supervision as a means of reducing the gap shall be discussed in the following paragraphs. Reflection and learning Schà ¶n (1983) in his book regarding the reflective practitioner states that reflective practice enables a person to learn from both his actions and experiences. Jarvis (2005) maintains that the role of a teacher may include facilitating reflective practice for practitioners in order to crystallize the ideas generated in practice. Moreover, Schà ¶n established that nurses reflect upon their actions and through this, knowledge about practice is generated as opposed to just the application of knowledge to practice. Rolfe (1997) supports this statement by asserting that reflective practice is a systematic and thoughtful process that allows nurses going about their daily work to make sense of their practices. Reflection is a means of identifying areas that need improvement. However, reflection should also take place in instances that went well to identify the key principles that contributed to success. Surgerman, Doherty, Garvey and Gass (2000) point out that if reflection is taken awa y from practice, the practitioner might not be able to learn from these experiences. Unfortunately staff shortages and the overcrowding of wards often leave little time for nurses to think (Weaver, Warren Delaney, 2005). However, this should not be an excuse not to engage reflective practice. Reflection on action may be more suitable and should be greatly encouraged amongst supervisees as a means of making sense of practices being undertaken. This form of reflection was also used by Florence Nightingale as a means of generating knowledge from practice and the start of evidence based practice (McDonald, 2001). Another way would be to organise group reflections. The group may include a mixture of supervisors and supervisees in order to facilitate discussion and the sharing of knowledge (Lee, 2009). The process of reflection is also very useful in helping students and qualified staff alike to develop critical thinking skills. Further on, a problem solving attitude may be instilled, which is a valuable tool for the nurses in their career (Jarvis, 2005) thus leading to t he development of a competent practitioner. The generation of ideas from reflection is not sufficient. The greatest challenge is to put these ideas into practice. Clinical supervisors can be an asset in helping students to engage reflective practice whilst helping them articulating and implementing the ideas generated. Clinical supervision Wong and Lee (2000) define the roles of clinical supervision as to help students develop their clinical skills, help to bridge theory and practice and assist students with their socialisation into nursing. McBrien (2006) states that clinical supervision acts as an extension of classroom teaching. In other words, the clinical supervisor works alongside the university to maximize the educational activity gained from the ward experience. In the wards, the supervisor, helps to safely monitor students, whilst they practice what they have learned in the classroom thus bridging the afore mentioned gap. Supervisors may teach supervisees by being good role models, and help novice students acquire knowledge through emulating their behaviour. As supervisees progress the supervisor must then give greater freedom to the student whilst challenging their practices in order to develop their reflective and critical thinking skills. Supervisors must be well prepared and supported (Lynch, Hancox, Happe ll, Parker, 2008). Furthermore, their practices have to be grounded in evidence as supervisees at this stage will healthily challenge what the supervisor is imparting. Supervision takes up different forms in different hands depending on the intent and emphasis of the supervisor (Johns 1996, p.1142). Staff shortages, overcrowding and high patient turnover may result in ward nurses looking at students in an inappropriate manner, especially if supervision was forced on them. Consequently, they may look at students as a burden, an extra duty or a waste of their free time. Moreover, they may view them as an extra pair of hands which can be easily manipulated to do their every bidding. McBrien (2006) warns that faced with such negative attitude student nurses may be inclined to abandon their learning objectives in order to fit in. Furthermore, nurses may be hostile and uncooperative towards their colleagues who are trained clinical supervisors who take on students for supervision in their wards. The clinical supervisor thus has an important role in creating an environment conducive to learning on the wards. This should include measures to make students feel welcome and accepted by the rest of the ward staff in order to safeguard the students self esteem and potential for learning (Franke, Garssen, Huijer Abu-Saad, 1995). Moreover, good relationship is of utmost importance in obtaining the desired goals in the supervisory process. The relationship between the supervisor and the supervisee is the key for successful clinical supervision (Lynch, Hancox, Happell, Parker, 2008 and Sloan, 1999). The above points strongly indicate that clinical supervisors have to be willing and dedicated to undertake the teaching role in the ward. Supervisors must undergo specialised training. However, in order to move a further step, full collaboration with the academic body has to be in place. Sloan (1999) stated that on-going training for supervisors helps them to construct their own supervision models, to develop interpersonal skills and facilitate supervisory support besides others. One training module is not enough to last a life-time, hence update courses and meetings should be held yearly. By this means not only knowledge is updated but also an opportunity for the sharing of ideas is provided. Introducing regular meetings with the academic supervisor ensures not only a bridging of the theory practice gap but also that the desired student goals are made clear and achievable. Unfortunately, the number of nursing students by far outnumbers the amount of clinical supervisors who have been formally trained. This lack of supervisors may be the result of the absence of a good reward system such as monetary or professional. Alternatively, the quality of supervision might deteriorate with its introduction. This can be due to applicants applying for the rewards, rather than a keen interest in supervision. In this event, a rigid vetting process and performance appraisal should be introduced. The concept of collaborative learning has been explored by Jeffries (2005) as a means of compensating for the lack of supervisors. The main advantages were an increased sense of teamwork, student bonding and richer discussions. However, Evans (2009) points out those students who are less eager to participate may hide within these groups thus limiting the development of their potential. Moreover, large groups may contribute to certain students getting away with not performing d uties that they might consider not to their liking (Evans, 2009). An important role that the clinical supervisor must play, which is sometimes overlooked is the development of self awareness. Heath and Freshwater (2000) maintain that the supervisor must help the student to develop an awareness of self, and an acceptance of responsibility for ones own actions. Thus the supervisor must instil the concept of accountability, which greatly contributes to the development of a competent practitioner. Todd Freshwater (1999) assert that through this process the supervisee becomes less dependent on the clinical practitioner because an internal supervisor is developed. Hence, the supervisee develops a professional conscience whilst becoming more capable to assume more responsibility for ones own learning. When this is achieved, the seed of life-long learning is planted ensuring that the supervisee will continue to self direct learning even after graduation. Jarvis (2005) states that if this had to be universal for all students, continuing education programme s could be drastically reduced. Competent practitioners Weaver, Warren and Delaney (2005) explain that nursing care affects a range of health care outcomes namely; mortality, morbidity and costs. For this reason, an emphasis is now being placed on high quality care, avoidance of errors, cost effectiveness and elimination of wastages. A competent practitioner is someone who is able to conduct tasks safely on their own. Moreover, competency is defined by the Nursing Council of New Zealand, (2008, p.12) as, the combination of skills, knowledge, attitudes, values and abilities that underpin effective performance as a nurse. Conversely, Lofmark, Smide, Wikblad, (2006) state that competency must be achieved in all areas and not just in clinical and technical skills. Furthermore, it is difficult to find a person who is competent in all areas. Having stated all this, a doubt arises, whether being a competent practitioner is enough to meet these growing healthcare demands. Nurses are faced daily with items that are out of stock, staff shortages and unexpected and unplanned occurrences. In these situations, knowledge and standard practice are not sufficient to meet healthcare demands. Heath and Freshwater (2000) explain that a nurse that goes beyond the competent phase not only can demonstrate greater technical proficiency but is also able to correct and adapt her actions according to the unfolding situations. Benner (1984) asserts that for competent practice to become proficient, a qualitative change must occur. Benner, Tanner, Chesla, (2009) believe that some nurses may never develop beyond the competent stage. Given the complex clinical situations that every single nurse is faced daily on the wards, this transition should be avidly cultivated. Improvisations and solutions must be effected in order to ensure that patients still receive good quality care. Drawing up on past experiences, knowledge new or old and utilizing reflection and problem solving skills are a means of coming up with new solutions. The clinical supervisor is an invaluable asset in helping the supervisee to make this transition. This can be done by being a role model, providing meaningful experiences that can be utilized in future practice as well as supporting the supervisees in developing their own problem solving skills. A universal responsibility Although an emphasis has been made that the clinical supervisors should be formally trained, every single nurse in the clinical setting should take an interest in the education of student nurses. These same students will in the future become nursing colleagues and further on nursing administrators and lecturers. Making sure that they receive the best possible education is a means of safeguarding the future of nursing. On a more egoistical note, these same students will be the nurses in the wards taking care of us and our loved ones. Therefore, ensuring that they develop their full potential is a guarantee of receiving excellent quality care to the highest standards. Conclusion It has been established that experience and theoretical knowledge both play a pivotal role in the formation of competent practitioners. The phenomenon of the theory practice divide occurs, when academical knowledge is not successfully adapted into the working environment to achieve meaningful practice. In order to bridge these gaps important assets were identified namely clinical supervision, experience and the use of reflection. Clinical supervision is a challenging area of nursing that should involve specific training and utmost dedication. Collaboration with the academical supervisors ensures that the goal of achieving competent practitioners is achieved. However, exceptional practice should be the ultimate goal that should be shared by all clinical practitioners in order to safeguard the future of nursing.

A Technical Analysis of Ergonomics and Human Factors in Modern Flight D

I. Introduction Since the dawn of the aviation era, cockpit design has become increasingly complicated owing to the advent of new technologies enabling aircraft to fly farther and faster more efficiently than ever before. With greater workloads imposed on pilots as fleets modernize, the reality of he or she exceeding the workload limit has become manifest. Because of the unpredictable nature of man, this problem is impossible to eliminate completely. However, the instances of occurrence can be drastically reduced by examining the nature of man, how he operates in the cockpit, and what must be done by engineers to design a system in which man and machine are ideally interfaced. The latter point involves an in-depth analysis of system design with an emphasis on human factors, biomechanics, cockpit controls, and display systems. By analyzing these components of cockpit design, and determining which variables of each will yield the lowest errors, a system can be designed in which the Liveware-Hardware interface can promote safety and reduce mishap frequency. II. The History Of Human Factors in Cockpit Design The history of cockpit design can be traced as far back as the first balloon flights, where a barometer was used to measure altitude. The Wright brothers incorporated a string attached to the aircraft to indicate slips and skids (Hawkins, 241). However, the first real efforts towards human factors implementation in cockpit design began in the early 1930's. During this time, the United States Postal Service began flying aircraft in all-weather missions (Kane, 4:9). The greater reliance on instrumentation raised the question of where to put each display and control. However, not much attention was being focused on this area as engineers cared more about getting the instrument in the cockpit, than about how it would interface with the pilot (Sanders & McCormick, 739). In the mid- to late 1930's, the development of the first gyroscopic instruments forced engineers to make their first major human factors-related decision. Rudimentary situation indicators raised concern about whether the displays should reflect the view as seen from inside the cockpit, having the horizon move behind a fixed miniature airplane, or as it would be seen from outside the aircraft. Until the end of World War I, aircraft were manufactured .. ...anifest. The discussion of biomechanics in chapter three was purposely broad, because it is such a wide and diverse field. The concepts touched upon indicate the areas of concern that a designer must address before creating a cockpit that is ergonomically friendly in the physical sense. Controls and displays hold a little more relevance, because they are the fundamental control and feedback devices involved in controlling the aircraft. These were discussed in greater detail because many of those concepts never reach the conscious mind of the operator. Although awareness of these factors is not critical to safe aircraft operation, they do play a vital role in the subconscious mind of the pilot during critical operational phases under high stress. Because of the unpredictable nature of man, it would be foolish to assume a zero tolerance environment to potential errors like these, but further investigation into the design process, biomechanics, control and display devices may yield greater insight as far as causal factors is concerned. Armed with this knowledge, engineers can set out to build aircraft not only to transport people and material, but also to save lives.

The Importance of Point of View in Kate Chopin’s Fiction Essay

The Importance of Point of View in Kate Chopin’s Fiction The impact of Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, on society resulted in her ruin, both literary and social. Reviewers called it vulgar, improper, unhealthy, and sickening. One critic said that he wished she had never written it, and another wrote that to truly describe the novel would entail language not fit for publication (Stipe 16). The overwhelming condemnation of the entire book rather than just Edna’s suicide seems surprising in light of her successful short story career. The themes that Chopin explores in her novel are present in both Bayou Folk and A Night in Acadie, her short story collections published before The Awakening, and the other short stories she published separately. The only reasonable explanation is that people misinterpreted Chopin’s short stories about male/female relationships as sentimental and witty stories rather than serious condemnations of the social order that left women so little choice while giving men little restr iction. This misinterpretation even occurs today. In classes I have taken that cover Chopin, many students and instructors read her short stories as romance, as celebrations of motherhood, and as empowerment of the matriarchy, yet they read The Awakening and recognize Chopin’s criticism of society without seeing any serious contradiction in their earlier readings of her short stories. However, the overwhelming pattern in Chopin’s fiction seems to either satirize or undermine the worlds of her characters. One way in which she does this is through point of view. A look at this technique reveals the genesis of The Awakening in even the earliest of her published fiction dealing with male/female sexual relationsh... ...man Writer in the South: 1859-1936. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1981. Le Marquand, Jane. â€Å"Kate Chopin as Feminist: Subverting the French Androcentric Influence.† Deep South 2 (1996). 26 July 2002 . Stipe, Stormy. â€Å"The Book That Ruined Kate Chopin's Career.† Biblio 4.1 (1999): 16-17. Notes [1] Patricia Evans notes in a discussion of Chopin’s place in the literary canon that â€Å"in the first modern historical survey of southern literature, The South in American Literature, Jay B. Hubbell identifies one hundred male writers, but only five women. He justifies this omission by stating, ‘their writing was generally sentimental and inferior’ (4).† [2] In The Awakening, Robert LeBrun turns way from Edna when she proposes they live openly together. He cannot violate the codes of his world so blatantly.

Singapore’s Political, Economic, and Social

I will be conducting my research paper Singapore Political, Economic, and Social Organization. The method that I will use to gather my information will be ethnology. Ethnology is Comparative study of cultures with the aim of presenting analytical generalizations within the context of that society. Singapore is a postindustrial society that has a parliamentary republic with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government representing Constitution. Singapore officially gaining sovereignty in 1965, its politics has been dominated by the People’s Action Party (PAP). Singapore, under the leadership of the PAP, possesses a distinct political culture: authoritarian, pragmatic, rational and legalistic. PAP leadership consisted of English lawyers and Chinese pro-communist trade union leaders. Unlike the western country (United States) that is run by politicians, Singapore is not run by politicians, but by a social system that where power is gained through skills, performances, and loyalty to the nation and not by politician’s policies. Singapore as has supremacy of government-controlled companies not like their western country counterparts. The reason why PAP stayed in power is due to popular support won by economic growth. Singapore raised public awareness, and stimulates public interest and debate, in economic issues is a factor of economic growth. Economic performance of Singapore depends on its mode of economic organization, natural resources, climate, and history. Singapore witnessed the unexpected economic development of vast potential for tin, rubber, oil palm, and tobacco, for Singapore is one of the largest ports in the world. Singapore is a postindustrial society where the government has invested billions in infrastructure and aims to recruit the best researchers in all modern fields of technological endeavor (Nowak & Laird, 2010). This brought immigrate from the Philippines, Indonesia, and Southeast Asia to Singapore for work. By 2006, there were approximately 580,000 lower–skilled foreign workers and 90,000 skilled foreign workers in Singapore (Yeoh, 2007). In addition, 60 percent of Singapore's factory workers are Malaysian citizens, who cross the shared border daily (Nowak & Laird, 2010). Unlike the westerner country, Singapore required that workers must take a pregnancy test and STD test regularly. Again Singapore isn’t like their westerner counterparts when it comes to unemployment. Unemployed workers must return to their home country after a short period of job hunting.

Personal narrative essay Essay

â€Å"Don’t Blink† Four hundred and eighty three people, stuck together like glue for the past four years. We all felt as if the day would never come, like seeing it cloud up but never getting any rain, like getting snow on the ground and no snow day. What some people complained about and dreaded going to was something I had grown to enjoy and tend to miss now. After spending four short years in the same routine, going to the same place, seeing my same close friends every day I really learned to enjoy what is happening because it seems like it is there and gone. To me it was really one of those things you could say â€Å"don’t blink because you might miss it.† My first day of high school wasn’t one of those days that hit me as being scary. Although there were many new people, a much bigger building, and only a few friends you could talk to from junior high. For some reason you just really feel a jump in your ego when you walk through those doors. Trying to find a new class room in five minutes was about the hardest thing that day, although as mean as some of them looked, all you had to do was ask an upper classman and you would know right where to go. I was able to make many new friends in high school. Some of them lasting a couple weeks, some maybe through that year, and a few that are still close friends today. Once in my sophomore year I realized that best friends do actually exist. After meeting him in football we started doing everything together. Having somebody to go to and talk with throughout high school was probably the biggest help of all. The years seemed to be flying by, it felt as if the days couldn’t get any longer, but the year itself would be there and gone. My friends and I were growing closer and closer as the weeks went by joining clubs and playing sports just because one another were in them. After sophomore year we all started getting our licenses this was the coolest thing ever, we got the feeling of being free, cruising around together after school and on weekends. Now, half way through the summer leading to our junior year, I had just turned 16. To me this was one of the biggest years of school. I had met some of the best people in my life that are still in it today. I was still hanging out with some really close friends, made another good friend that moved in by me, and found that high school sweet heart, well for that year at least. Finally the big year for me, coming into my senior year and I was already beginning to think about all the friends I wasn’t going to see after that one short year was over. It was getting hard watching everybody pick out a college or university and knowing that we were all going to moving away way to soon. I had joined a work program to give me half days so that I could now afford to drive my truck. Only going to school for five hours a day was making the time really fly by. I was so ready to get through one thing this year though. For the past three years I had been to play with the school band for the upper classes, but finally it was my turn to hear the music. May 20th, 2012. One of the most impacting days of my whole life. I was finally here, we made it. After a long morning of preparation, deciding on the right outfit and taking hundreds of pictures we were finally on our drive there. As our name cards were passed out we lined up next to our closes friends. The one major time I have felt this feeling, we came through a curtain and entered the biggest room I’ve ever seen packed full of cheering parents, finally it was here, graduation. It had come and gone so fast leading me through some of the best life lessons and bringing me to some of my best friends. It seemed like those few hours we were all cracking jokes and trying to laugh just to cover up our real emotions, at least I know I was, after entering this room I was really starting to realize how much I would miss all these people. It came time for me to move away. With my parents and best friend by my side to support me and help me off to college I was finally on my way. High school was now gone and college was here to offer its eye opener, much more homework, many more papers, and much more effort required. It was time for me to learn how to live on my own and support myself. I can’t say this has been one of the easiest tasks to overcome, just getting past the fact of being away from everyone I grew up with and all my close friends. I still talk to most of these people all though it will never be the same as going to school with them every day. All in that one day it was there and gone, I’m glad I didn’t blink because I just might have missed it.